ABCMdb

ABCC7 p.Ser795Ala

Predicted by SNAP2:	A: D (53%), C: D (53%), D: N (53%), E: N (61%), F: D (63%), G: N (72%), H: D (53%), I: D (63%), K: N (61%), L: D (63%), M: D (53%), N: N (78%), P: N (66%), Q: N (53%), R: D (59%), T: N (78%), V: D (59%), W: D (71%), Y: D (66%),
Predicted by PROVEAN:	A: N, C: D, D: N, E: N, F: D, G: N, H: N, I: D, K: N, L: D, M: N, N: N, P: N, Q: N, R: N, T: N, V: D, W: D, Y: D,

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Publications
[hide] Contribution of R domain phosphoserines to the fun... Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Nov;279(5):L835-41. Baldursson O, Berger HA, Welsh MJ
Contribution of R domain phosphoserines to the function of CFTR studied in Fischer rat thyroid epithelia.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Nov;279(5):L835-41., [PMID:11053017]

Abstract [show]
The regulatory domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates channel activity when several serines are phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. To further define the functional role of individual phosphoserines, we studied CFTR containing previously studied and new serine to alanine mutations. We expressed these constructs in Fischer rat thyroid epithelia and measured transepithelial Cl(-) current. Mutation of four in vivo phosphorylation sites, Ser(660), Ser(737), Ser(795), and Ser(813) (S-Quad-A), substantially decreased cAMP-stimulated current, suggesting that these four sites account for most of the phosphorylation-dependent response. Mutation of either Ser(660) or Ser(813) alone significantly decreased current, indicating that these residues play a key role in phosphorylation-dependent stimulation. However, neither Ser(660) nor Ser(813) alone increased current to wild-type levels; both residues were required. Changing Ser(737) to alanine increased current above wild-type levels, suggesting that phosphorylation of Ser(737) may inhibit current in wild-type CFTR. These data help define the functional role of regulatory domain phosphoserines and suggest interactions between individual phosphoserines.

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No. Sentence Comment
56 In each of the serine to alanine mutants, S660A, S737A, S795A, and S813A, alanine replaced serine at the designated residue. Login to comment
108 The S795A channels generated more current, but it was still less than that produced by wild-type CFTR. Interestingly, current from the S737A variant tended to be greater than that of wild-type CFTR, although the difference was not significant. Login to comment
114 Current from the S795A variant was not different from that in wild-type CFTR. Interestingly, current generated by the S737A variant was more than twice that generated by wild-type CFTR. Login to comment
205 This result is different from studies in excised patches of membrane showing that S795A reduced open state probability (29). Login to comment

[hide] Capsaicin potentiates wild-type and mutant cystic ... Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;65(6):1415-26. Ai T, Bompadre SG, Wang X, Hu S, Li M, Hwang TC
Capsaicin potentiates wild-type and mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride-channel currents.
Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;65(6):1415-26., [PMID:15155835]

Abstract [show]
To examine the effects of capsaicin on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), we recorded wild-type and mutant CFTR chloride-channel currents using patch-clamp methods. The effects of capsaicin were compared with those of genistein, a well-characterized CFTR activator. In whole-cell experiments, capsaicin potentiates cAMP-stimulated wild-type CFTR currents expressed in NIH 3T3 cells or Chinese hamster ovary cells in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal response approximately 60% of that with genistein and an apparent Kd of 48.4 +/- 6.8 microM. In cell-attached recordings, capsaicin alone fails to activate CFTR in cells that show negligible basal CFTR activity, indicating that capsaicin does not stimulate the cAMP cascade. The magnitude of potentiation with capsaicin depends on the channel activity before drug application; the lower the prestimulated Po, the higher the potentiation. Single-channel kinetic analysis shows that capsaicin potentiates CFTR by increasing the opening rate and decreasing the closing rate of the channel. Capsaicin may act as a partial agonist of genistein because the maximally enhanced wild-type CFTR currents with genistein are partially inhibited by capsaicin. Capsaicin increases DeltaR-CFTR, a protein kinase A (PKA)-independent, constitutively active channel, in cell-attached patches. In excised inside-out patches, capsaicin potentiates the PKA-phosphorylated, ATP-dependent CFTR activity. Both capsaicin and genistein potentiate the cAMP-stimulated G551D-CFTR, DeltaF508-CFTR, and 8SA mutant channel currents. The binding site for capsaicin is probably located at the cytoplasmic domain of CFTR, because pipette application of capsaicin fails to potentiate CFTR activity. In conclusion, capsaicin is a partial agonist of genistein in activation of the CFTR chloride channel. Both compounds affect ATP-dependent gating of CFTR.

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No. Sentence Comment
142 We further explored the action of capsaicin using CFTR mutants whose eight major PKA consensus serines are substituted with alanine (S660A, S686A, S700A, S712A, S737A, S768A, S795A, and S813A), so called S-oct-A or 8SA. Login to comment

[hide] Stimulation of CFTR activity by its phosphorylated... Nature. 1997 Sep 18;389(6648):294-6. Winter MC, Welsh MJ
Stimulation of CFTR activity by its phosphorylated R domain.
Nature. 1997 Sep 18;389(6648):294-6., [PMID:9305845]

Abstract [show]
Phosphorylation controls the activity of ion channels in many tissues. In epithelia, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is activated by phosphorylation of serine residues in its regulatory (R) domain and then gated by binding and hydrolysis of ATP by the nucleotide-binding domains. Current models propose that the unphosphorylated R domain serves as an inhibitory particle that occludes the pore, much like the inhibitory 'ball' in Shaker K+ channels; presumably, phosphorylation relieves this inhibition. Here we test this by adding an R-domain peptide to a CFTR variant in which much of the R domain had been deleted (CFTR-deltaR/S660A): in contrast to predictions, we found that adding an unphosphorylated R domain to CFTR-deltaR/S660A did not inhibit activity, whereas a phosphorylated R-domain peptide stimulated activity. To investigate how phosphorylation controls activity, we studied channel gating and found that phosphorylation of the R domain increases the rate of channel opening by enhancing the sensitivity to ATP. Our results indicate that CFTR is regulated by a new mechanism in which phosphorylation of one domain stimulates the interaction of ATP with another domain, thereby increasing activity.

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162 Mutation of the individual serines reduced Po, but to different extents: the S795A mutation had the largest effect and S737A had little or no effect in the presence of 1 mM ATP (Fig. 3a, b). Login to comment
179 a, Example of continuous single-channel tracings from wild-type CFTR and CRTR- S795A; dashed lines indicate the closed state. Login to comment
185 Number of experiments for b/c and d were: 17/6 for wild-type (WT), 8 for wild-type (-PKA), 8/7 for S660A, 5/5 for S737A, 8/6 for S795A, 9/7 for S813A, and 11/4 for S-Quad-A. Login to comment
188 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Po 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 10 [ATP] (mM) S813A S795A S737A S660A WT (-PKA) WT Figure 4 Effect of ATP concentration on Po of CFTR containing phosphorylation site mutations. Login to comment

[hide] CFTR activation: additive effects of stimulatory a... Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):L127-33. Wilkinson DJ, Strong TV, Mansoura MK, Wood DL, Smith SS, Collins FS, Dawson DC
CFTR activation: additive effects of stimulatory and inhibitory phosphorylation sites in the R domain.
Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):L127-33., [PMID:9252549]

Abstract [show]
To investigate the functional significance of individual consensus phosphorylation sites within the R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), serines were eliminated by substituting them with alanine. Included in this analysis were serine-660, -670, -686, -700, -712, -737, -768, -795, and -813, which lie within protein kinase A consensus sequences, and serine-641, which does not. Elimination of single potential phosphorylation sites altered the sensitivity of CFTR (expressed in Xenopus oocytes) to activating conditions in a manner that was highly site dependent. Substitution at serine-660, -670, -700, -795, or -813 significantly increased the half-maximal activation constant (KA) for activation by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, which is consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation at any of these sites promotes CFTR activation. The effect of substitution at serine-813 was significantly greater than at the other sites. In contrast, alanine substitution at serine-737 or -768 actually decreased the KA for activation, suggesting that phosphorylation at either of these sites is inhibitory. Substitution at serine-641, -686, and -712 had no significant effect on activation sensitivity. The effects of multiple serine to alanine substitutions were consistent with the notion that phosphorylation at individual sites produced roughly additive effects, suggesting that the effect produced by phosphorylation of any one serine was not dependent on the phosphorylation state of other serines. These results are consistent with the notion that, although none of the phosphorylation sites studied here are absolutely necessary for activation of CFTR, individual sites contribute differently to the gating of the channel.

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No. Sentence Comment
87 S686A 0.75 ?I 0.07 9 N PKC site S700A 0.86 t 0.07* 12 S ++ +++ S712A 0.67 t 0.12 9 N - ++ S737A 0.35 5 0.05* 8 I +++ +++ S768A 0.09 IT 0.03* 8 I - ++++ S795A 1.24 + 0.22* 9 S +++ ++++ S813A 3.18-+0.36* 6 S ++++ ++ Values of half-maximal inhibition constant for activation (KA) are means + SE by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) obtained for wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and variants with single serine-to-alanine substitutions. Login to comment
107 Symbols show averaged IBMX dose-response data for wild-type CFTR and several single-site serine-to-alanine mutants (S660A, S737A, S768A, S795A, and S813A). Login to comment

[hide] Regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane co... J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 25;268(27):20259-67. Rich DP, Berger HA, Cheng SH, Travis SM, Saxena M, Smith AE, Welsh MJ
Regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channel by negative charge in the R domain.
J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 25;268(27):20259-67., [PMID:7690753]

Abstract [show]
Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel. We previously showed that in vivo PKA phosphorylated 4 serines (Ser-660, Ser-737, Ser-795, and Ser-813) within the R domain. Here we show that a mutant CFTR lacking all 4 serines can still be phosphorylated by PKA to yield an activated Cl- channel, but channel open-state probability was substantially reduced. We also observed phosphorylation and Cl- channel activity in another mutant lacking all 8 consensus PKA serines in the R domain. We were unable to identify the residual phosphorylation sites by tryptic phosphopeptide mapping. These data suggest two possible interpretations: (a) additional, as yet unidentified, phosphorylation sites within CFTR may also open the channel, or (b) the 4 serines, previously identified as in vivo PKA phosphorylation sites, are the primary regulatory sites within CFTR, but in their absence, other sites can be phosphorylated to open the channel. The additional sites are likely located within the R domain: CFTR delta R-S660A, which lacks much of the R domain (residues 708-835) and replaces Ser-660 with an alanine, was no longer regulated by PKA. Substitution of aspartate for consensus PKA phosphorylation sites in the R domain mimicked the effect of phosphorylation. Mutants containing six or more serine-to-aspartate substitutions generated Cl- channels that opened without PKA phosphorylation. These results suggest that the R domain keeps the channel closed and that phosphorylation of the R domain or insertion of the negatively charged aspartate opens the channel, perhaps by electrostatic interactions.

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No. Sentence Comment
48 Mutants are named by the number of the amino acid residue preceded by the wild-type amino acid and followed bythe aminoacid to which the residue was changed using the single-letter aminoacid code; for example,inthemutant CFTR S66OA,S737A,S795A,S813A (also called CFTR S-Quad-A for convenience), alanines are substituted for serines at amino acid positions 660, 737, 795, and 813. Login to comment
66 In vivo phosphorylation ofwild-typeand mutant CFTR CFTR S-Quad-A (S66OA,S737A,S795A,S813A), or CFTR S-Oct-A (S660A,S686A,S700A,S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A,S813A) weretran- siently expressed in HeLa cells. Login to comment
89 Functional assay of CFTR S-Quad-Aby SPQ fluorescence.The changein SPQfluorescenceis shown for HeLa cellsexpress- ing wild-type CFTR (n = 53, where n = number of cells) or CFTR S-Quad-A tS660A,S737A,S795A,S813A)(n = 53) and for virus only- infectedcells(no plasmid) as a negative control (n = 47). Login to comment
94 Single-channelanalysis of gle-channel traces from an excised, in-cell expressing CFTR S-Quad-A side-out membrane patch from a HeLa (S660A,S737A,S795A,S813A).Each trace is about 14s long. Login to comment
109 RESULTS Serine-to-Alanine Substitutionsin the R Domain Do NotAbolish CFTR Cl- Channel Activity-& a firststep to address the possibility that additional PKA phosphorylation sites might regulate CFTR, we asked whether the S-Quad-A (S660A,S737A,S795A,S813A) mutant could still bephosphorylated in vivofollowing CAMPstimulation. Login to comment
121 The single-channel open-stateprobabil- ity for wild-type CFTR (n = 14), CFTR S-Quad-A (S600A,S737A, S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A,S813A) (n = 7), or CFTR S-Oct-D (S660D,S686D,S700D,S712D,S737D,S768D,S795D,S813D)(n = 7in ATP alone (-PKA);n = 10 inPKA and ATP (+PkX))C1-channels was determined as described under "Experimental Procedures." Login to comment
123 S795A,S813A) (n = 5). Login to comment
139 CFTR (A) or CFTR S-Quad-A (S660A,S737A,S795A,S813A)( B )were transiently expressed inCOS-7 cells. Login to comment
174 Fig. 1lA shows that simultaneous substitutionof the four in vivo PKA sites with aspartates (in the S-Quad-D mutant) did not generate constitutively active CFTR C1-channels as assessed by the SPQ fluorescence assay: the mutant channels opened only after stimulation by CAMP.We observed similar results withCFTR S-Quint-D which contained substitutionsof A MockS-Hept-A C S-OCt-A transfected (A) or were transfected with pMT-CFTR S-Hept-A (S660A,S686A,S700A,S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A) (B)or pMT-CFl`R S-Oct-A FIG.9. Login to comment
176 COS-7 cells were mock- (S660A,S686A,S700A,S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A,S813A)(C). Login to comment
47 Mutants are named by the number of the amino acid residue preceded by the wild-type amino acid and followed bythe aminoacid to which the residue was changed using the single-letter amino acid code; for example,inthemutant CFTR S66OA,S737A,S795A,S813A (also called CFTR S-Quad-A for convenience), alanines are substituted for serines at amino acid positions 660, 737, 795, and 813. Login to comment
65 In vivo phosphorylation ofwild-typeand mutant CFTR CFTR S-Quad-A (S66OA,S737A,S795A,S813A), or CFTR S-Oct-A (S660A,S686A,S700A,S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A,S813A) were transiently expressed in HeLa cells. Login to comment
95 Single-channelanalysis of gle-channel traces from an excised, in-cell expressing CFTR S-Quad-A side-out membrane patch from a HeLa (S660A,S737A,S795A,S813A).Each trace is about 14s long. Login to comment
111 RESULTS Serine-to-Alanine Substitutions in the R Domain Do NotAbolish CFTR Cl-Channel Activity-& a firststep to address the possibility that additional PKA phosphorylation sites might regulate CFTR, we asked whether the S-Quad-A (S660A,S737A,S795A,S813A) mutant could still be phosphorylated in vivofollowing CAMPstimulation. Login to comment
125 S795A,S813A) (n = 5). Login to comment
142 CFTR (A) or CFTR S-Quad-A (S660A,S737A,S795A,S813A) ( B )were transiently expressed inCOS-7 cells. Login to comment
178 Fig. 1lA shows that simultaneous substitution of the four in vivo PKA sites with aspartates (in the S-Quad-D mutant) did not generate constitutively active CFTR C1-channels as assessed by the SPQ fluorescence assay: the mutant channels opened only after stimulation by CAMP.We observed similar results withCFTR S-Quint-D which contained substitutionsof A Mock S-Hept-A C S-OCt-A transfected (A) or were transfected with pMT-CFTR S-Hept-A (S660A,S686A,S700A,S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A) (B) or pMT-CFl`R S-Oct-A FIG. 9. Login to comment
180 COS-7 cells were mock- (S660A,S686A,S700A,S712A,S737A,S768A,S795A,S813A) (C). Login to comment

[hide] Protein kinase A (PKA) still activates CFTR chlori... J Biol Chem. 1993 May 25;268(15):11304-11. Chang XB, Tabcharani JA, Hou YX, Jensen TJ, Kartner N, Alon N, Hanrahan JW, Riordan JR
Protein kinase A (PKA) still activates CFTR chloride channel after mutagenesis of all 10 PKA consensus phosphorylation sites.
J Biol Chem. 1993 May 25;268(15):11304-11., [PMID:7684377]

Abstract [show]
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a central role in transepithelial ion transport by acting as a tightly regulated apical chloride channel. Regulation is achieved by the concerted action of ATP at conserved nucleotide binding folds and serine phosphorylation at multiple sites by protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC). A previous investigation concluded that activation by PKA is critically dependent on phosphorylation at four of the nine predicted PKA sites in the R domain (S660A, S737A, S795A, S813A), because a "Quad" mutant lacking these sites could not be activated. We show in the present work that not only can this mutant be phosphorylated and activated, but a mutant in which all 10 predicted PKA sites have been altered still retains significant PKA-activated function. Potentiation of the PKA response by PKC is also preserved in this mutant. Thus CFTR may be regulated by cryptic PKA sites which also mediate interactions between different kinases. Such hierarchical phosphorylation of CFTR by obvious and cryptic PKA sites could provide a metered response to secretagogues.

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No. Sentence Comment
7 A previous investigationconcluded thatactivationby PKA is crit- icallydependent on phosphorylation at four of the nine predicted PKA sites in the R domain (S660A, S737A, S795A,SS13A), becausea "Quad"mutant lacking these sites couldnotbeactivated. Login to comment
37 The following mutations were introduced into CFTR, S422A (TCT to GCT), S660A (TCA to GCA), S686A (TCT to GCT), S700A (TCT toGCT), S712A (TCC to GCC), S737A (TCC to GCC), S768A (TCT toGCT), T788A (ACAto GCA),S795A (TCA to GCA), S813A (TCA to GCA), S660E (TCA to GAA),S737E (TCC to GAG), S795E (TCA to GAA), and S813E (TCA to GAA). Login to comment
39 The counterparts of CFTR cDNA in pUCF2.5 were replaced by PCR- mutated versions by interchange of the following fragments, S660A, DraIIIIEcoRI fragment, S737A, EcoRIIHpaIfragment, S795A and S813A,StyIIStyI fragment(Fig. 1A). Login to comment

[hide] Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the muscarinic... J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21815-23. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.479360. Epub 2013 Jun 11. Billet A, Luo Y, Balghi H, Hanrahan JW
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the muscarinic activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).
J Biol Chem. 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21815-23. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.479360. Epub 2013 Jun 11., [PMID:23760269]

Abstract [show]
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride (Cl(-)) channel, which plays an important role in physiological anion and fluid secretion, and is defective in several diseases. Although its activation by PKA and PKC has been studied extensively, its regulation by receptors is less well understood. To study signaling involved in CFTR activation, we measured whole-cell Cl(-) currents in BHK cells cotransfected with GPCRs and CFTR. In cells expressing the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, the agonist carbachol (Cch) caused strong activation of CFTR through two pathways; the canonical PKA-dependent mechanism and a second mechanism that involves tyrosine phosphorylation. The role of PKA was suggested by partial inhibition of cholinergic stimulation by the specific PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMPS. The role of tyrosine kinases was suggested by Cch stimulation of 15SA-CFTR and 9CA-CFTR, mutants that lack 15 PKA or 9 PKC consensus sequences and are unresponsive to PKA or PKC stimulation, respectively. Moreover the residual Cch response was sensitive to inhibitors of the Pyk2 and Src tyrosine kinase family. Our results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation acts on CFTR directly and through inhibition of the phosphatase PP2A. Results suggest that PKA and tyrosine kinases contribute to CFTR regulation by GPCRs that are expressed at the apical membrane of intestinal and airway epithelia.

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No. Sentence Comment
102 Carbachol Stimulates CFTR through PKA and Non-PKA Signaling Pathways-To explore PKA-independent regulation of CFTR without using inhibitors that might have confounding effects on other pathways, we studied the activation of 15SA-CFTR (S422A/S660A/S670A/S686A/T690A/S700A/S712A/ S737A/S753A/S768A/T787A/T788A/S790A/S795A/S813A). Login to comment