ABCMdb

PMID: 18581044

Chen ZC, Shin SJ, Kuo KK, Lin KD, Yu ML, Hsiao PJ
Significant association of ABCG8:D19H gene polymorphism with hypercholesterolemia and insulin resistance.
J Hum Genet. 2008;53(8):757-63. Epub 2008 Jun 26., [PubMed]

Sentences

No. Mutations Sentence Comment

5 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His Five nonsynonymous polymorphisms of Q604E (ABCG5), D19H, C54Y, T400 K and A632 V (ABCG8) were analyzed by TaqMan genotyping assay. Login to comment 6 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Analysis showed that the D19H polymorphism of the ABCG8 gene was significantly associated with serum total cholesterol, LDL-C levels and HOMA-IR index. Login to comment 7 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Adjusting for sex and age, subjects with the D19H (GC) genotype were significantly associated with a threefold higher risk of high cholesterol and LDL-C levels than subjects with D19 (GG). Login to comment 8 ABCG8 p.Asp19His These results suggest that the D19H polymorphism of ABCG8 could be considered a susceptible gene marker indicating an increased likelihood of developing high cholesterol and LDL-C levels in Taiwanese consuming an ordinary Chinese diet. Login to comment 9 ABCG8 p.Asp19His It is supposed that the coexistence of higher insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia for carriers of the D19H polymorphism may result in a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Login to comment 41 ABCG8 p.Asp19His However, D19H of the ABCG8 gene, which has a frequency of less than 5%, was also chosen because of its strong correlation to cholesterol homeostasis as reported in the literature (Gylling et al. 2004; Huba´cˇek et al. 2004; Kajinami et al. 2004a, 2004b). Login to comment 42 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Thr400Lys Five nonsynonymous polymorphisms, including Q604E (rs6720173) of the ABCG5 gene and D19H (rs11887534), C54Y (rs4148211), T400K (rs4148217) and A632V (rs6544718) of the ABCG8 gene, were chosen for genotyping (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Login to comment 43 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Thr400Lys Five nonsynonymous polymorphisms, including Q604E (rs6720173) of the ABCG5 gene and D19H (rs11887534), C54Y (rs4148211), T400K (rs4148217) and A632V (rs6544718) of the ABCG8 gene, were chosen for genotyping (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Login to comment 62 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Thr400Lys Five nonsynonymous polymorphisms (ABCG5: Q604E; ABCG8:D19H, C54Y, T400K, A632V) were genotyped in our population. Login to comment 63 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Thr400Lys Five nonsynonymous polymorphisms (ABCG5: Q604E; ABCG8:D19H, C54Y, T400K, A632V) were genotyped in our population. Login to comment 64 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Thr400Lys The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of Q604E (C:G); D19H (G:C), C54Y (G:A) and T400K (C:A) were 10.5, 1.4, 9.7 and 8.0%, respectively. Login to comment 65 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Thr400Lys The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of Q604E (C:G); D19H (G:C), C54Y (G:A) and T400K (C:A) were 10.5, 1.4, 9.7 and 8.0%, respectively. Login to comment 67 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Our results showed that the minor C allele of D19H occurred with a lower frequency in Chinese than in Caucasians. Login to comment 68 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Our results showed that the minor C allele of D19H occurred with a lower frequency in Chinese than in Caucasians. Login to comment 69 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu Subjects with genotype Q604 (CC) had significantly higher serum total cholesterol levels than those of genotypes Q604E (CG) or 604E (GG). Login to comment 70 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His The serum total cholesterol and the LDL-C level were significantly higher in subjects with the D19H (GC) genotype than those with D19 (GG). Login to comment 71 ABCG8 p.Asp19His The serum total cholesterol and the LDL-C level were significantly higher in subjects with the D19H (GC) genotype than those with D19 (GG). Login to comment 72 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His This exhibited a significant trend with an increasing frequency of the C allele in Q604 (ABCG5) and D19H (ABCG8) genotypes from the Table 1 Serum cholesterol and LDL levels for the genotypes of ABCG5/ABCG8 Cholesterol (mg/dl) P LDL-C (mg/dl) P ABCG5: Q604E (C1810G) Genotype CC (n = 9) 225.9 ± 48.5 0.008 133.7 ± 40.0 0.733 CG (n = 203) 189.6 ± 37.6 130.1 ± 32.7 GG (n = 833) 187.2 ± 38.1 127.9 ± 35.9 ABCG8:D19H (G55C) Genotype GG (n = 1,016) 187.2 ± 37.9 0.005 127.8 ± 35.2 0.023 GC (n = 30) 207.1 ± 45.1 145.1 ± 40.6 CC (n = 0) - - ABCG8:C54Y (G161A) Genotype GG (n = 853) 187.3 ± 37.8 0.297 127.8 ± 35.4 0.671 GA (n = 189) 190.4 ± 40.0 130.0 ± 35.2 AA (n = 8) 171.6 ± 24.0 118.0 ± 23.8 ABCG8:T400 K (C1199A) Genotype CC (n = 885) 188.0 ± 38.2 0.869 128.3 ± 35.4 0.997 CA (n = 164) 186.9 ± 38.2 128.3 ± 34.3 AA (n = 2) 194.0 ± 22.6 131.0 ± 10.2 P values were obtained from a one-way ANOVA and the t test desirable to the moderately high and then to the high cholesterol category. Login to comment 73 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His This exhibited a significant trend with an increasing frequency of the C allele in Q604 (ABCG5) and D19H (ABCG8) genotypes from the Table 1 Serum cholesterol and LDL levels for the genotypes of ABCG5/ABCG8 Cholesterol (mg/dl) P LDL-C (mg/dl) P ABCG5: Q604E (C1810G) Genotype CC (n = 9) 225.9 &#b1; 48.5 0.008 133.7 &#b1; 40.0 0.733 CG (n = 203) 189.6 &#b1; 37.6 130.1 &#b1; 32.7 GG (n = 833) 187.2 &#b1; 38.1 127.9 &#b1; 35.9 ABCG8:D19H (G55C) Genotype GG (n = 1,016) 187.2 &#b1; 37.9 0.005 127.8 &#b1; 35.2 0.023 GC (n = 30) 207.1 &#b1; 45.1 145.1 &#b1; 40.6 CC (n = 0) - - ABCG8:C54Y (G161A) Genotype GG (n = 853) 187.3 &#b1; 37.8 0.297 127.8 &#b1; 35.4 0.671 GA (n = 189) 190.4 &#b1; 40.0 130.0 &#b1; 35.2 AA (n = 8) 171.6 &#b1; 24.0 118.0 &#b1; 23.8 ABCG8:T400 K (C1199A) Genotype CC (n = 885) 188.0 &#b1; 38.2 0.869 128.3 &#b1; 35.4 0.997 CA (n = 164) 186.9 &#b1; 38.2 128.3 &#b1; 34.3 AA (n = 2) 194.0 &#b1; 22.6 131.0 &#b1; 10.2 P values were obtained from a one-way ANOVA and the t test desirable to the moderately high and then to the high cholesterol category. Login to comment 75 ABCG8 p.Asp19His The relationships of the biochemical parameters to the genotypes of the D19 and D19H polymorphisms are shown in Table 3. Login to comment 76 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Subjects with genotype D19H (GC) have significantly higher serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels than those with D19 (GG). Login to comment 77 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Although there was no difference in metabolic biomarkers (BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose) between these two genotypes, subjects with genotype D19H (GC) had a significantly higher HOMA-IR index than those with D19 (GG). Login to comment 78 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His The genotypic effect on serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels was tested for D19H (Table 4). Login to comment 79 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His The results showed that the subjects with the D19H genotype (i.e., the GC genotype) were significantly associated with a higher risk of raised cholesterol and LDL-C levels than subjects with D19 (GG). Login to comment 80 ABCG8 p.Asp19His The results showed that the subjects with the D19H genotype (i.e., the GC genotype) were significantly associated with a higher risk of raised cholesterol and LDL-C levels than subjects with D19 (GG). Login to comment 82 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Our results demonstrated that subjects with the C allele of the D19H polymorphism had significantly higher total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared with subjects that did not carry the C allele. Login to comment 83 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His In addition, subjects with the D19H variant were associated with an almost threefold higher risk of developing high total cholesterol and LDL-C levels Table 2 Genotype frequency of ABCG5/ABCG8 versus categorized cholesterol level Serum cholesterol (mg/dl) Desirable (\200) Moderately high (200-239) High (C240) P ABCG5: Q604E (C1810G) Genotype CC 3 (0.43%) 2 (0.84%) 4 (3.5%) 0.004 CG+GG 692 (99.6%) 235 (99.2%) 109 (96.5%) ABCG8:D19H (G55C) Genotype GG 682 (98.0%) 227 (96.6%) 104 (92.9%) 0.009 GC 14 (2.0%) 8 (3.4%) 8 (7.1%) ABCG8:C54Y (G161A) Genotype GG 576 (82.1%) 190 (80.5%) 87 (77.7%) 0.517 GA+AA 126 (17.9%) 46 (19.5%) 25 (22.3%) ABCG8:T400 K (C1199A) Genotype CC 592 (84.3%) 197 (83.5%) 96 (85.0%) 0.927 CA+AA 110 (15.7%) 39 (16.5%) 17 (15.0%) P values were obtained from the chi-square test Table 3 Comparison of the biochemical characteristics of subjects with D19 (GG) and D19H (GC) genotypes GG GC P Number 1,016 30 Sex (M:F) 870:146 24:6 0.39 Age (years) 49.1 ± 9.2 49.8 ± 11.4 0.09 BMI (kg/m2 ) 24.4 ± 3.3 25.4 ± 4.2 0.09 SBP (mmHg) 125.4 ± 16.5 124.3 ± 13.8 0.76 DBP (mmHg) 77.6 ± 11.1 78.6 ± 7.0 0.64 CHOL (mg/dl) 187.2 ± 37.9 207.1 ± 45.1 0.005 TG (mg/dl) 139.8 ± 146.3 124.5 ± 46.8 0.57 LDL-C (mg/dl) 127.8 ± 35.2 145.1 ± 40.6 0.023 HDL-C (mg/dl) 52.2 ± 13.2 53.1 ± 10.1 0.77 F-glucose (mg/dl) 96.7 ± 28.7 98.4 ± 25.2 0.76 HOMA-IR 1.12 ± 2.00 3.21 ± 7.84 0.026 Data are shown as as mean ± SD Student`s t test was used for statistical analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for HOMA-IR BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CHOL, cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; F-glucose, fasting glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance Table 4 Risk stratification for the ABCG8 genotypes (D19H vs. D19) in terms of serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels D19 D19H P Moderately high versus desirable cholesterol Crude odds ratio 1 1.72 (0.71-4.14) 0.23 Adjusted odds ratio 1 1.54 (0.62-3.83) 0.35 High versus desirable cholesterol Crude odds ratio 1 3.75 (1.53-9.15) 0.004 Adjusted odds ratio 1 3.44 (1.32-8.97) 0.012 Moderately high versus desirable LDL-C Crude odds ratio 1 1.92 (0.67-5.54) 0.227 Adjusted odds ratio 1 1.65 (0.55-4.89) 0.37 High versus desirable LDL-C Crude odds ratio 1 3.51 (1.25-9.85) 0.017 Adjusted odds ratio 1 3.29 (1.10-9.82) 0.033 Desirable cholesterol indicates \200 mg/dl; moderately high cholesterol indicates 200-239 mg/dl; high cholesterol indicates C240 mg/dl Desirable LDL-C indicates \130 mg/dl; moderately high LDL-C indicates 130-159 mg/dl; high LDL-C indicates C160 mg/dl Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio, by adjusting for age and sex. Login to comment 84 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His In addition, subjects with the D19H variant were associated with an almost threefold higher risk of developing high total cholesterol and LDL-C levels Table 2 Genotype frequency of ABCG5/ABCG8 versus categorized cholesterol level Serum cholesterol (mg/dl) Desirable (\200) Moderately high (200-239) High (C240) P ABCG5: Q604E (C1810G) Genotype CC 3 (0.43%) 2 (0.84%) 4 (3.5%) 0.004 CG+GG 692 (99.6%) 235 (99.2%) 109 (96.5%) ABCG8:D19H (G55C) Genotype GG 682 (98.0%) 227 (96.6%) 104 (92.9%) 0.009 GC 14 (2.0%) 8 (3.4%) 8 (7.1%) ABCG8:C54Y (G161A) Genotype GG 576 (82.1%) 190 (80.5%) 87 (77.7%) 0.517 GA+AA 126 (17.9%) 46 (19.5%) 25 (22.3%) ABCG8:T400 K (C1199A) Genotype CC 592 (84.3%) 197 (83.5%) 96 (85.0%) 0.927 CA+AA 110 (15.7%) 39 (16.5%) 17 (15.0%) P values were obtained from the chi-square test Table 3 Comparison of the biochemical characteristics of subjects with D19 (GG) and D19H (GC) genotypes GG GC P Number 1,016 30 Sex (M:F) 870:146 24:6 0.39 Age (years) 49.1 &#b1; 9.2 49.8 &#b1; 11.4 0.09 BMI (kg/m2 ) 24.4 &#b1; 3.3 25.4 &#b1; 4.2 0.09 SBP (mmHg) 125.4 &#b1; 16.5 124.3 &#b1; 13.8 0.76 DBP (mmHg) 77.6 &#b1; 11.1 78.6 &#b1; 7.0 0.64 CHOL (mg/dl) 187.2 &#b1; 37.9 207.1 &#b1; 45.1 0.005 TG (mg/dl) 139.8 &#b1; 146.3 124.5 &#b1; 46.8 0.57 LDL-C (mg/dl) 127.8 &#b1; 35.2 145.1 &#b1; 40.6 0.023 HDL-C (mg/dl) 52.2 &#b1; 13.2 53.1 &#b1; 10.1 0.77 F-glucose (mg/dl) 96.7 &#b1; 28.7 98.4 &#b1; 25.2 0.76 HOMA-IR 1.12 &#b1; 2.00 3.21 &#b1; 7.84 0.026 Data are shown as as mean &#b1; SD Student`s t test was used for statistical analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for HOMA-IR BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CHOL, cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; F-glucose, fasting glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance Table 4 Risk stratification for the ABCG8 genotypes (D19H vs. D19) in terms of serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels D19 D19H P Moderately high versus desirable cholesterol Crude odds ratio 1 1.72 (0.71-4.14) 0.23 Adjusted odds ratio 1 1.54 (0.62-3.83) 0.35 High versus desirable cholesterol Crude odds ratio 1 3.75 (1.53-9.15) 0.004 Adjusted odds ratio 1 3.44 (1.32-8.97) 0.012 Moderately high versus desirable LDL-C Crude odds ratio 1 1.92 (0.67-5.54) 0.227 Adjusted odds ratio 1 1.65 (0.55-4.89) 0.37 High versus desirable LDL-C Crude odds ratio 1 3.51 (1.25-9.85) 0.017 Adjusted odds ratio 1 3.29 (1.10-9.82) 0.033 Desirable cholesterol indicates \200 mg/dl; moderately high cholesterol indicates 200-239 mg/dl; high cholesterol indicates C240 mg/dl Desirable LDL-C indicates \130 mg/dl; moderately high LDL-C indicates 130-159 mg/dl; high LDL-C indicates C160 mg/dl Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio, by adjusting for age and sex. Login to comment 85 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Our finding implicated that the D19H polymorphism may have a functional consequence due to the substitution of aspartic acid by histidine, which results in a conformational change that alters the ability to export sterol and cholesterol homeostasis. Login to comment 86 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His It has been reported that the D19H polymorphism is linked to a lower plant sterol and cholesterol absorption efficiency. Login to comment 87 ABCG8 p.Asp19His It has been reported that the D19H polymorphism is linked to a lower plant sterol and cholesterol absorption efficiency. Login to comment 88 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Berge and colleagues identified significantly reduced plant sterol absorption in carriers with the D19H polymorphism in a family study of a healthy normolipidemic population, but there was no association of the serum lipid level with this polymorphism (Berge et al. 2002). Login to comment 89 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Berge and colleagues identified significantly reduced plant sterol absorption in carriers with the D19H polymorphism in a family study of a healthy normolipidemic population, but there was no association of the serum lipid level with this polymorphism (Berge et al. 2002). Login to comment 90 ABCG8 p.Asp19His They found that D19H/19H (GC or CC) variants were more frequent in the lowest cholesterol absorption tertile. Login to comment 91 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Serum total cholesterol (5.37 ± 0.15 mmol/l) and LDL-C levels (3.29 ± 0.14 mmol/l) were lower in subjects with D19H/19H (GC or CC) variants than in those (5.82 ± 0.07 mmol/l; 3.78 ± 0.07 mmol/l) with the D19 genotype (Gylling et al. 2004). Login to comment 92 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Kajinami et al. found that hypercholesterolemic patients (LDL-C C160 mg/dl) with D19H/19H variants had a lower total cholesterol level at baseline. Login to comment 93 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His However, subjects with D19H/19H variants were noted to exhibit greater reductions in LDL-C levels with statin treatment under the NCEP step 1 diet throughout the study. Login to comment 94 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His The greater response of LDL-C to statin treatment could be explained by a compensatory increase in endogenous cholesterol synthesis in subjects with D19H/19H variants compared to the D19 variant (Kajinami et al. 2004a, 2004b). Login to comment 95 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His The discordance between our results for the serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in our subjects with D19H and previous results may be attributed to the following reasons: (1) the populations studied had different recruitment criteria for serum lipid levels; (2) dietary habits of different races; (3) different dietary interventions within the study period. Login to comment 96 ABCG8 p.Asp19His The discordance between our results for the serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in our subjects with D19H and previous results may be attributed to the following reasons: (1) the populations studied had different recruitment criteria for serum lipid levels; (2) dietary habits of different races; (3) different dietary interventions within the study period. Login to comment 97 ABCG8 p.Asp19His These results clearly demonstrated that the D19H polymorphism, even though it was rare, significantly contributed to an independent genetic risk of developing high total cholesterol and LDL-C levels. Login to comment 98 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His As reports have shown previously, this points to the fact that subjects with D19H/19H (GC or CC) variants are disposed to having a lower cholesterol absorption efficiency (Gylling et al. 2004; Huba´cˇek et al. 2004; Kajinami et al. 2004a, 2004b). Login to comment 99 ABCG8 p.Asp19His As reports have shown previously, this points to the fact that subjects with D19H/19H (GC or CC) variants are disposed to having a lower cholesterol absorption efficiency (Gylling et al. 2004; Huba &#b4;c c7;ek et al. 2004; Kajinami et al. 2004a, 2004b). Login to comment 100 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Since hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis has the greatest effect on cholesterol homeostasis (Lammert and Wang 2005; Wang 2007; Sehayek 2003; Temel et al. 2007), we can plausibly speculate that the compensatory hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis in subjects with D19H (GC) caused their higher serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels than those observed with the D19 (GG) genotype in our results. Login to comment 101 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Since hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis has the greatest effect on cholesterol homeostasis (Lammert and Wang 2005; Wang 2007; Sehayek 2003; Temel et al. 2007), we can plausibly speculate that the compensatory hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis in subjects with D19H (GC) caused their higher serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels than those observed with the D19 (GG) genotype in our results. Login to comment 110 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Based on the findings of Gylling et al. (2004) and Kajinami et al. (2004a), subjects with D19H/19H have a lower cholesterol absorption efficiency but respond more to statin treatment than D19 subjects. Login to comment 111 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Upon comparing our results with those in previous reports, we rationally assumed that consuming a higher ratio of plant sterols to cholesterol in the diet may influence the relative absorption efficiency of cholesterol in subjects with D19H variants, causing a much lower cholesterol absorption and therefore increasing hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, thus resulting in higher serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels than those of D19 variants. Login to comment 112 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Our results indicated that subjects with D19H variants had greater insulin resistance (higher HOMA-IR index) than those with D19 variants, although they did not differ in terms of other metabolic biomarkers (BMI, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, plasma glucose). Login to comment 113 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Our results indicated that subjects with D19H variants had greater insulin resistance (higher HOMA-IR index) than those with D19 variants, although they did not differ in terms of other metabolic biomarkers (BMI, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, plasma glucose). Login to comment 114 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu In a study of hypercholesterolemic subjects, Q604E polymorphism was linked to insulin resistance in men (Gylling et al. 2004). Login to comment 115 ABCG5 p.Gln604Glu In a study of hypercholesterolemic subjects, Q604E polymorphism was linked to insulin resistance in men (Gylling et al. 2004). Login to comment 118 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Therefore, the higher insulin resistance status of our subjects with the D19H polymorphism is reasonably explained by the effects of lower cholesterol absorption and higher cholesterol synthesis compared to those with D19 variants. Login to comment 119 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Their higher serum total cholesterol and HOMA-IR may lead to a higher risk of progressive atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in people with the D19H polymorphism. Login to comment 120 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His It seems wise to start preventive intervention strategies for atherosclerosis earlier in carriers of the D19H polymorphism. Login to comment 121 ABCG8 p.Asp19His It seems wise to start preventive intervention strategies for atherosclerosis earlier in carriers of the D19H polymorphism. Login to comment 122 ABCG8 p.Asp19His D19H polymorphism could be regarded as a susceptible gene marker for developing high total cholesterol, high LDL-C levels and insulin resistance in people consuming a Chinese diet. Login to comment 123 ABCG8 p.Asp19His ABCG8 p.Asp19His Because of the limited number of D19H subjects in our population, this result can be regarded as intriguing but tentative, and will therefore require more study before any further application of it is made. Login to comment 124 ABCG8 p.Asp19His Because of the limited number of D19H subjects in our population, this result can be regarded as intriguing but tentative, and will therefore require more study before any further application of it is made. Login to comment