ABCMdb

ABCG2 p.Pro392Ala

Predicted by SNAP2:	A: D (75%), C: D (75%), D: D (85%), E: D (85%), F: D (85%), G: D (85%), H: D (80%), I: D (80%), K: D (80%), L: D (85%), M: D (80%), N: D (85%), Q: D (80%), R: D (66%), S: D (75%), T: D (75%), V: D (80%), W: D (80%), Y: D (80%),
Predicted by PROVEAN:	A: D, C: D, D: D, E: D, F: D, G: D, H: D, I: D, K: D, L: D, M: D, N: D, Q: D, R: D, S: D, T: D, V: D, W: D, Y: D,

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[hide] Identification of proline residues in or near the ... Biochemistry. 2011 Sep 20;50(37):8057-66. Epub 2011 Aug 26. Ni Z, Bikadi Z, Shuster DL, Zhao C, Rosenberg MF, Mao Q
Identification of proline residues in or near the transmembrane helices of the human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that are important for transport activity and substrate specificity.
Biochemistry. 2011 Sep 20;50(37):8057-66. Epub 2011 Aug 26., [PMID:21854076]

Abstract [show]
The human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) confers multidrug resistance and mediates the active efflux of drugs and xenobiotics. BCRP contains one nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) followed by one membrane-spanning domain (MSD). We investigated whether prolines in or near the transmembrane helices are essential for BCRP function. Six proline residues were substituted with alanine individually, and the mutants were stably expressed in Flp-In(TM)-293 cells at levels comparable to that of wild-type BCRP and predominantly localized on the plasma membrane of the cells. While P392A showed a significant reduction (35-50%) in the efflux activity of mitoxantrone, BODIPY-prazosin, and Hoechst 33342, P485A exhibited a significant decrease of approximately 70% in the efflux activity of only BODIPY-prazosin. Other mutants had no significant changes in the efflux activities of these substrates. Drug resistance profiles of the cells expressing the mutants correlated well with the efflux data. ATPase activity was not substantially affected for P392A or P485A compared to that of wild-type BCRP. These results strongly suggest Pro(392) and Pro(485) are important in determining the overall transport activity and substrate selectivity of BCRP, respectively. Prazosin differentially affected the binding of 5D3, a conformation-sensitive antibody, to wild-type BCRP, P392A, or P485A in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, mitoxantrone had no significant effect on 5D3 binding. Homology modeling indicates that Pro(392) may play an important role in the communication between the MSD and NBD as it is predicted to be located at the interface between the two functional domains, and Pro(485) induces flexible hinges that may be essential for the broad substrate specificity of BCRP.

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No. Sentence Comment
4 While P392A showed a significant reduction (35-50%) in the efflux activity of mitoxantrone, BODIPY-prazosin, and Hoechst 33342, P485A exhibited a significant decrease of approximately 70% in the efflux activity of only BODIPY-prazosin. Login to comment
7 ATPase activity was not substantially affected for P392A or P485A compared to that of wild-type BCRP. Login to comment
9 Prazosin differentially affected the binding of 5D3, a conformation-sensitive antibody, to wild-type BCRP, P392A, or P485A in a concentration-dependent manner. Login to comment
46 Full-length wild-type human BCRP cDNA in pcDNA3.1 was subcloned into pcDNA5/ FRT.15 The pcDNA5/FRT plasmid containing full-length human BCRP cDNA was used as a template to generate all the BCRP mutants using PCR mutagenesis as previously described.15 The following forward primers were used for mutagenesis: P392A (5'-AAC TTG CTG GGT AAT GCC CAG GCC TCT ATA GCT C-3'), P480A (5'-CTG TTA TCT GAT TTA TTA GCC ATG AGG ATG TTA CCA AG-3'), P485A (5'-CCC ATG AGG ATG TTA GCA AGT ATT ATA TTT ACC TGT ATA G-3'), P501A (5'-CAT GTT AGG ATT GAA GGC AAA GGC AGA TGC CTT C-3'), P574A (5'-CAG TAC TTC AGC ATT GCA CGA TAT GGA TTT ACG-3'), and P623A (5'-GGC ATC GAT CTC TCA GCC TGG GGC TTG TGG AAG AAT-3'). Login to comment
79 (D) Protein expression levels of P392A and P485A relative to that of wild-type BCRP (100%) in the plasma membrane samples. Login to comment
104 The estimated relative cell surface expression levels of wild-type and mutant BCRP based on the differences in median fluorescence between 5D3 and IgG2b control incubations were 100 ± 22, 108 ± 4, 89 ± 1, 139 ± 32, 75 ± 16, 76 ± 9, and 114 ± 0.7% for three independent determinations for wild-type BCRP, P392A, P480A, P485A, P501A, P574A, and P623A, respectively. Login to comment
124 As shown in Table 1, only P392A exhibited a significantly lower resistance to MX compared to that of wild- Figure 4. Login to comment
129 The pcDNA5 vector control, wild-type BCRP, P392A, P480A, P485A, P501A, P574A, and P623A are indicated by P, WT, 392, 480, 485, 501, 574, and 623, respectively. Login to comment
132 Drug Resistance Profile of Wild-Type and Mutant BCRPa MX SN-38 Dox Rho123 IC50 (nM) RR IC50 (nM) RR IC50 (nM) RR IC50 (nM) RR pcDNA5/FRT 5.6 ± 0.8 - 1.7 ± 0.1 - 33.1 ± 2.2 - 4218 ± 400.0 - wild-type BCRP 51.5 ± 8.5 9.2 30.3 ± 2.0 17.8 40.9 ± 6.7 1.2 4446 ± 261.5 1.1 P392A 24.6 ± 3.8 4.4* 13.1 ± 1.0 7.7* 34.8 ± 1.7 1.1 5326 ± 414.1 1.3 P480A 69.4 ± 10.5 12.4 37.8 ± 1.5 22.2 29.0 ± 4.0 0.9 5107 ± 272.7 1.2 P485A 38.5 ± 7.0 6.9 15.9 ± 2.6 9.4* 41.8 ± 5.3 1.3 3237 ± 199.5 0.8 P501A 40.9 ± 14.6 7.3 27.5 ± 2.4 16.2 23.2 ± 3.8 0.7 4480 ± 816.4 1.1 P574A 49.6 ± 12.5 8.9 32.5 ± 2.6 19.1 29.6 ± 3.5 0.9 5320 ± 419.8 1.3 P623A 68.4 ± 14.4 12.2 36.8 ± 2.8 21.6 37.0 ± 8.8 1.1 3302 ± 388.1 0.8 a The relative resistance (RR) values represent the relative levels of resistance of the mutants compared to that of wild-type BCRP and were calculated by dividing the IC50 values of wild-type and mutant BCRP by the IC50 values of the vector control. Login to comment
137 On the other hand, both P392A and P485A showed significantly decreased resistance to SN-38 compared to that of the wild type, thus providing additional evidence that alanine substitution of Pro485 changed the substrate specificity of BCRP. Login to comment
142 To examine if the changes in efflux activity of mutant BCRP are caused by alterations in its ability to hydrolyze ATP, we measured vanadate-sensitive ATPase activities of wild-type BCRP, P392A, and P485A in plasma membrane preparations. Login to comment
143 The protein expression levels of wild-type BCRP, P392A, and P485A in plasma membranes were determined by immunoblotting using mAb BXP-21 and found to be comparable after normalization to the internal plasma membrane control Na+ / K+ -ATPase (Figure 2C,D). Login to comment
145 P392A exhibited ATPase activities similar to that of wild-type BCRP. Login to comment
150 We have previously shown that prazosin binding-induced conformational changes as monitored by measuring the level of binding of 5D3 to BCRP could be affected by single mutations, thereby leading to altered transport activity.15 To investigate whether the mutations of Pro392 and Pro485 cause conformational changes in BCRP that affect transport activity, we measured the level of binding of 5D3 to wild-type BCRP, P392A, or P485A in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of the substrate prazosin (0-40 μM) or MX (0-80 μM). Login to comment
153 In the presence of prazosin, wild-type BCRP was associated with a concentration-dependent increase in 5D3-phycoerythrin fluorescence by up to 70%; however, there was an only slight increase in 5D3-phycoerythrin fluorescence for P392A and a slight decrease in 5D3-phycoerythrin fluorescence for P485A (Figure 6A). Login to comment
155 The patterns of 5D3-phycoerythrin fluorescence with MX for wild-type BCRP, P392A, and P485A were similar, but different from those with prazosin (Figure 6B). Login to comment
162 Concentration-dependent effects of prazosin and MX on the binding of 5D3 to wild-type BCRP, P392A, and P485A. Login to comment
164 Shown are means ± SD of three experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between wild-type BCRP and P392A or P485A (p < 0.05 by a Student`s t test) at various prazosin concentrations. Login to comment
183 On the other hand, alanine substitution of Pro392 caused a significant decrease in the transport activity of all the substrates tested (Figure 4 and Table 1). Login to comment
184 Such changes in transport activity of P392A and P485A do not seem to be related to alterations in Figure 7. Login to comment
225 Second, the responses of wild-type BCRP, P392A, and P485A to 5D3 binding in the presence of prazosin were significantly different from each other (Figure 6A). Login to comment
226 However, there was no difference between wild-type BCRP, P392A, and P485A in response to 5D3 binding in the presence of MX (Figure 6B). Login to comment

[hide] Determinants of the activity and substrate recogni... Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Nov;46(4):459-74. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2014.942037. Epub 2014 Jul 18. Szafraniec MJ, Szczygiel M, Urbanska K, Fiedor L
Determinants of the activity and substrate recognition of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2).
Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Nov;46(4):459-74. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2014.942037. Epub 2014 Jul 18., [PMID:25036722]

Abstract [show]
The xenobiotic transporters are among the most important constituents of detoxification system in living organisms. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is one of the major transporters involved in the efflux of xenobiotics. To understand its role in chemotherapeutic and multidrug resistance, it is crucial to establish the determinants of its substrate specificity, which obviously is of high relevance for successful therapy of many diseases. This article summarizes the current knowledge about the substrate preferences of BCRP. We overview the factors which determine its activity, inhibition and substrate recognition, focusing on the structural features of the transporter. BCRP substrate specificity is quite low as it interacts with a spectrum of substances with only a few common features: hydrophobic and aromatic regions, possibly a flat conformation and the metal ion-, oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functionalities, most of which may be the donors/acceptors of H-bonds. Several amino acid residues and structural motifs are responsible for BCRP activity and substrate recognition. Thus, the active form of BCRP, at least a dimer or a larger oligomer is maintained by intramolecular disulfide bridge that involves Cys(603) residues. The GXXXG motif in transmembrane helix 1, Cys residues, Arg(482) and Lys(86) are responsible for maintaining the protein structure, which confers transport activity, and the His(457) or Arg(456) residues are directly involved in substrate binding. Arg(482) does not directly bind substrates, but electrostatically interacts with charged molecules, which initiates the conformational changes that transmit the signal from the transmembrane regions to the ABC domain.

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No. Sentence Comment
209 Position Type of mutation Effect on the transporter References NBD Lys 86 Met (i) No stimulation of the ATPase activity by prazosin; (ii) no influence on the transport of mitoxantrone Henriksen et al. (2005b) Glu 126 stop, Phe 208 Ser, Ser 248 Phe, Glu 334 stop Inability to transport hematoporphyrin Tamura et al. (2006) Glu 211 Gln Complete abolishment of the ATPase activity and methotrexate transport Hou et al. (2009) Pro 392 Ala Significant reduction in the efflux activity of mitoxantrone, BODIPY-prazosin and Hoechst 33342 Ni et al. (2011) TM1 Gly 406 Ala Gly 410 Ala No influence on the activity of the transporter Polgar et al. (2004) Gly 406 Leu Gly 410 Leu (i) Loss of the ability to transport rhodamine123; (ii) impaired transport of mitoxantrone, Pheide and BODIPY-prazosin Polgar et al. (2004) Extracellular loop 1 Phe 431 Leu (i) Loss of the ability to transport methotrexate; (ii) 10% level of hematoporphyrin transport compared to the WT protein Tamura et al. (2006) Ser 441 Asn Inability to transport hematoporphyrin Tamura et al. (2006) Ser 441 Asn Loss of the ability to transport methotrexate Tamura et al. (2006) TM2 Lys 452 Ala His 457 Ala Increase in transport of mitoxantrone, BODIPY-prazosin and Hoechst 33342 Cai et al. (2010) Lys 453 Ala Arg 465 Ala Decrease in transport of mitoxantrone, BODIPY-prazosin, Hoechst 33342, doxorubicin, SN-38 and rhodamine 123 Cai et al. (2010) TM3 Arg 482 Gly Arg 482 Thr (i) No change in the inhibitory activity of lapatinib; (ii) about two times greater inhibition by ritonavir, saquinavir and nalfinavir than in the WT variant; (iii) gaining the ability to transport rhodamine123 and doxorubicin; (iv) no influence on the transport of mitoxantrone; (v) loss of the ability to transport methotrexate Dai et al. (2008), Gupta et al. (2004), Honjo et al. (2001), Mitomo et al. (2003) Arg 482 Thr (i) Lower IC 50 of cyclosporine A for mutant than for WT variant; (ii) lower elacridar inhibition potency Xia et al. (2007) Arg 482 Lys Complete loss of transport activity Ejendal et al. (2006) Phe 489 Leu Impaired transport of porphyrins, no transport of methotrexate Tamura et al. (2006) Extracellular loop 3 Asn 590 Tyr Over twice reduced transport of mitoxantrone, topotecan, daunorubicin and rhodamine 123 Vethanayagam et al. (2005) Cys 592 Ala/Cys 608 Ala (i) Transport of mitoxantrone almost unchanged; (ii) transport of BODIPY-prazosin significantly impaired Henriksen et al. (2005a) Extracellular loop 3 Cys 603 Ser Cys 592 Ser/Cys 608 Ser Cys 592 Ser/Cys 603 Ser/Cys 608 Ser Diminished susceptibility to the inhibitory activity of fumitremorgin C Shigeta et al. (2010) Cys-less Arg 482 Gly-BCRP Complete loss of the ability to efflux mitoxantrone Liu et al. (2008b) The positions of the amino acid residues refer to the topological model of BCRP proposed by Wang et al. (2009). Login to comment