ABCD3 p.Asn148Ser
| Predicted by SNAP2: | A: N (66%), C: N (66%), D: N (78%), E: N (57%), F: D (71%), G: N (82%), H: N (78%), I: D (63%), K: N (57%), L: D (66%), M: D (66%), P: D (59%), Q: N (87%), R: N (57%), S: N (93%), T: N (87%), V: D (66%), W: D (75%), Y: N (57%), |
| Predicted by PROVEAN: | A: D, C: D, D: N, E: D, F: D, G: N, H: D, I: D, K: D, L: D, M: D, P: D, Q: D, R: D, S: N, T: D, V: D, W: D, Y: D, |
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[hide] Mutational analysis and genotype-phenotype correla... Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):295-300. Takano H, Koike R, Onodera O, Sasaki R, Tsuji S
Mutational analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation of 29 unrelated Japanese patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):295-300., [PMID:10190819]
Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an inherited disease characterized by progressive neurologic dysfunction, occasionally associated with adrenal insufficiency. The classic form of ALD usually has onset in childhood (childhood cerebral ALD), with rapid neurologic deterioration leading to a vegetative state. Adult-onset cerebral ALD also presents with rapidly progressive neurologic dysfunction. Milder phenotypes such as adrenomyeloneuropathy and Addison disease only also have been recognized. Despite discovery of the causative gene, a molecular basis for the diverse clinical presentations remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To conduct mutational analyses in 29 Japanese patients with ALD from 29 unrelated families, to obtain knowledge of the spectrum of mutations in this gene, and to study genotype-phenotype correlations in Japanese patients. METHODS: The 29 patients comprised 13 patients with childhood cerebral ALD, 11 patients with adult-onset cerebral ALD, and 5 patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy. We conducted detailed mutational analyses of 29 unrelated Japanese patients with ALD by genomic Southern blot analysis and direct nucleotide sequence analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products derived from total RNA that was extracted from cultured skin fibroblasts, lymphoblastoid cells, or peripheral blood leukocytes. RESULTS: Three patients with adult-onset cerebral ALD were identified as having large genomic rearrangements. The remaining 26 patients were identified as having 21 independent mutations, including 12 novel mutations resulting in small nucleotide alterations in the ALD gene. Eighteen (69%) of 26 mutations were missense mutations. Most missense mutations involved amino acids conserved in homologous gene products, including PMP70, mALDRP, and Pxa1p. The AG dinucleotide deletion at position 1081-1082, which has been reported previously to be the most common mutation in white patients (12%-17%), was also identified as the most common mutation in Japanese patients (12%). All phenotypes were associated with mutations resulting in protein truncation or subtle amino acid changes. There were no differences in phenotypic expressions between missense mutations involving conserved amino acids and those involving nonconserved amino acids. CONCLUSIONS: There are no obvious correlations between the phenotypes of patients with ALD and their genotypes, suggesting that other genetic or environmental factors modify the phenotypic expressions of ALD.
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No. Sentence Comment
42 Mutations in the ALD Gene That Result in Amino Acid Substitutions or In-frame Deletions* Patient No. Phenotype Mutation† Exon Effect of Mutation‡ Position of Mutation§ Amino Acid Identityሻ Family DataPMP70 mALDRP Pxa1p Amino Acid Deletion G4010 ACALD del.1256-1258 1 del.E291 EAA-like motif E E E CCALD G4011(s) ACALD del.2146-2157¶ 7 del.HILQ587-590 Between Walker A and B# HILE HIVQ YLLK No family history Missense Mutation G4012 CCALD A829G 1 N148S TM3 N N N AMN G1986 CCALD G984A¶ 1 D200N TM4 D D D ACALD G4013 CCALD A1026G¶ 1 N214D TM4 N N N Not available G4014 AMN G1182A 1 G266R Between TM5 and EAA motif G G Non AMN G4015(s) CCALD G1182A 1 G266R Between TM5 and EAA motif G G Non No family history G4016(s) AMN G1197A 1 E271K Between TM5 and EAA motif T E R No family history G4017(s) ACALD A1273G¶ 1 Y296C EAA motif Y Y Y No family history G4018 CCALD A1273G¶ 1 Y296C EAA motif Y Y Y Not available G4019 AMN C1587T¶ 3 R401W Between TM6 and Walker A R R R Asymptomatic carrier G4020 CCALD G1906T¶ 6 G507V Walker A# G G G Not available G4021 CCALD G1939A 6 R518Q Walker A# R R R CCALD G4022 CCALD G1939A 6 R518Q Walker A# R R R Not available G4023 ACALD T2005C¶ 6 F540S Between Walker A and B# F F F Adult asymptomatic carrier G4024(s) CCALD A2017G 6 Q544R Between Walker A and B# Q Q Q No family history G4025 CCALD C2065T 7 S560L Between Walker A and B# P P P Adult asymptomatic carrier G2469(s) ACALD C2157T¶ 7 R591W Between Walker A and B# R R R No family history G2022(s) AMN C2203T 8 S606L Between Walker A and B# S S S No family history G4026 ACALD C2364T 8 R660W C-terminal to Walker B R R R ACALD *ALD indicates adrenoleukodystrophy; ACALD, adult-onset cerebral ALD; CCALD, childhood cerebral ALD; AMN, adrenomyeloneuropathy; (s), apparently sporadic patients; and del., delete.
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ABCD3 p.Asn148Ser 10190819:42:467
status: NEW[hide] Co-expression of mutated and normal adrenoleukodys... Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Nov 1;9(18):2609-16. Unterrainer G, Molzer B, Forss-Petter S, Berger J
Co-expression of mutated and normal adrenoleukodystrophy protein reduces protein function: implications for gene therapy of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Nov 1;9(18):2609-16., [PMID:11063720]
Abstract [show]
Inherited defects in the X-chromosomal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD; ABCD1) gene are the genetic cause of the severe neurodegenerative disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). Biochemically the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids, caused by impaired peroxisomal beta-oxidation, is the pathognomonic characteristic of the disease. Due to the X-chromosomal inheritance of X-ALD no data are available to clarify the question whether mutated adrenoleukodystrophy proteins (ALDPs) can negatively influence normal ALDP function. Here we show that restoration of beta-oxidation in X-ALD fibroblasts following transient transfection with normal ALD cDNA is more effective in ALDP-deficient fibroblasts compared with fibroblasts expressing normal amounts of mutated ALDP. Furthermore, we utilized the HeLa Tet-on system to construct a stable HeLa cell line expressing a constant level of endogenous ALDP and doxycycline-inducible levels of mutated ALDP. The induction was doxycycline dosage-dependent and the ALDP correctly localized. Interestingly, although mutated ALDP increased >6-fold in a dosage-dependent manner the total amount of ALDP (mutated and normal) remained approximately even as demonstrated by western blot and flow cytometric analyses. Thus, apparently mutated and normal ALDP compete for integration into a limited number of sites in the peroxisomal membrane. Consequently, increased amounts of mutated ALDP resulted in decreased peroxisomal beta-oxidation and accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids. These findings have direct implications on future gene therapy approaches for treatment of X-ALD, since in some patients a non-functional endogenous protein could act in a dominant negative way or displace the introduced, normal protein.
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149 Of the three mutations analysed in transient transfection assays, N148S and S213C are located in transmembrane domains, whereas D194H is in the first cytosolic loop of the ALDP (Fig. 6).
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ABCD3 p.Asn148Ser 11063720:149:66
status: NEW150 In yeast two-hybrid experiments performed with ALDP lacking the N-terminal 361 amino acids, homodimers still formed (13), arguing against the possibility that the three mutations N148S, D194H and S213C interfere with dimerization of ALDP.
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ABCD3 p.Asn148Ser 11063720:150:179
status: NEW155 Missense mutations N148S and S213C are both located within putative transmembrane domains and D194H is located in the first cytosolic loop.
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ABCD3 p.Asn148Ser 11063720:155:19
status: NEW[hide] X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: genes, mutations, a... Neurochem Res. 1999 Apr;24(4):521-35. Smith KD, Kemp S, Braiterman LT, Lu JF, Wei HM, Geraghty M, Stetten G, Bergin JS, Pevsner J, Watkins PA
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: genes, mutations, and phenotypes.
Neurochem Res. 1999 Apr;24(4):521-35., [PMID:10227685]
Abstract [show]
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a complex and perplexing neurodegenerative disorder. The metabolic abnormality, elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids in tissues and plasma, and the biochemical defect, reduced peroxisomal very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS) activity, are ubiquitous features of the disease. However, clinical manifestations are highly variable with regard to time of onset, site of initial pathology and rate of progression. In addition, the abnormal gene in X-ALD is not the gene for VLCS. Rather, it encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein with homology to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transmembrane transporter superfamily of proteins. The X-ALD protein (ALDP) is closely related to three other peroxisomal membrane ABC proteins. In this report we summarize all known X-ALD mutations and establish the lack of an X-ALD genotype/phenotype correlation. We compare the evolutionary relationships among peroxisomal ABC proteins, demonstrate that ALDP forms homodimers with itself and heterodimers with other peroxisomal ABC proteins and present cDNA complementation studies suggesting that the peroxisomal ABC proteins have overlapping functions. We also establish that there are at least two peroxisomal VLCS activities, one that is ALDP dependent and one that is ALDP independent. Finally, we discuss variable expression of the peroxisomal ABC proteins and ALDP independent VLCS in relation to the variable clinical presentations of X-ALD.
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103 As suggested by the obser- al. Table I. X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy World Wide Mutations (9/98) Exon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 Allele S98L R104C R104H T105I L107P S108W G116R A141T N148S S149N R152C R152P R163H Y174D Y174S Q178E Y181C R182P D194H D200N D200V L211P N214D L220P D221G T254M P263L G266R E271K K276E G277R G277W E291K E291D A294T Y296C E302K L322P S342P R389G R389H R401W R401Q R418W P484R G507V G512S S515F R518W R518Q G522W P534L F540S Q544R S552P R554H P560L P560R M566K R591W R591Q S606P S606L E609K Mutation 293C>T 310C>T 311G>A 3 HOT 320T>C 323C>G 346G>A 421G>A 443A>G 446G>A 454OT 455G>C 488G>A 520T>G 521A>C 5320G 542A>G 545G>C 580G>C 598OA 599A>T 632T>C 640A>G 659T>C 662A>G 761OT 788OT 796G>A 811G>A 826A>G 829G>A 829G>T 871G>A 873OC 880G>A 887A>G 904G>A 965T>C 1024T>C 11650G 1166G>A 1201OT 1202G>A 1252OT 1452OG 1520G>T 1534G>A 1544OT 1552OT 1553G>A 1564G>A 1601OT 1619T>C 1631A>G 1654T>C 1661G>A 16790T 1679OG 1697T>A 1771OT 1772G>A 1816T>C 1817OT 1825G>A Missense muta ATG(387) 679OT 696OT 697G>A 700OT 706T>C 709OG 732G>A 807G>A 829A>G 832G>A 840OT 841G>C 874G>A 906T>G 907A>C 918OG 928A>G 931G>C 966G>C 984G>A 985A>T 1018T>C 1026A>G 1045T>C 1048A>G 1147C>T 1174C>T 1182C>A 1197G>A 1212A>G 1215G>A 1215G>T 1257G>A 1259G>C 1266G>A 1273A>G 1290G>A 1351T>C 1410T>C 1551C>G 1552G>A 1587OT 1588G>A 1638OT 1838OG 1906G>T 1920G>A 1930OT 1938OT 1939G>A 1950G>A 1987OT 2005T>C 2017A>G 2040T>C 2047G>A 20650T 20650C>G 2083T>A 2157C>T 2158G>A 2202T>C 2203OT 2211G>A ions N 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 ALDP + +/- nd - nd +/- - nd + + + nd nd nd nd nd nd nd + nd nd nd nd +/- - nd +/- nd nd + nd nd nd - nd nd nd nd + nd + nd + - nd nd - nd +/- - - - nd + - - +/- - - nd + - + - Reference 36 31,32 29 36 37 36 36 31 24,36,73 32 31,36 32 32 24,37 72 29 36 31 32 73 36 37 73 32 36 37 36 24,32,73 73 13 37 31 14 13 36 73 38 41 13 37 31,32 73 24,37,73 24,37,* 28 73 31,35,36 24 23,36 39,73 36 35 73 39,73 * * 29,36,73 36 31 73 31 36 23,31,73 32,37 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 525X-ALD: Genes, Mutations, and Phenotypes Table I. Continued. Exon 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 Exon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 5 7 8 9 10 Exon 1 1 1 1 5 6 7 9 Exon 3 6 7 7 9 Exon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Allele E609G R617C R617G R617H A626T D629H R660W W679R Allele W10X Q133X W137X Q157X Y181X Y212X W242X Q311X W326X R464X Q466X E477X Q590X W595X Q645X Q672X Allele 80-81insLRL 138-141del 277-278insN E291del 491-500insV G528del 587-590del I657del Allele Fs E408 Fs R545 Fs R545 Fs G593 Fs R622 Allele Fs A19 FsP34 FsL46 FsT91 FsG92 Fs A99 Fs Q133 Fs Y180 Fs L197 Fs S207 FsR231 Fs F261 Fs G266 Fs V378 Mutation 1826A>G 1849C>T 1849C>G 1850G>A 1876G>A 1885G>C 1978C>T 2035T>C Mutation 30G>A 397C>T 411G>A 469C>T 543C>A 636C>G 726G>A 931C>T 977G>A 1390C>T 1396C>T 1429G>T 1768C>T 1785G>A 1933C>T 2014C>T In frame 871delGAG 1582delGGT 1759-70del 1969delATC Mutation 1224A>G ivs1634+1G>A ivs1635-2A>G ivs1780+1G>A ivs1866-10G>A Mutation 56delC 102C>AT 138insT 274del34 277delC 298delG 401TGCTG>AGCATT 541delTA 591insT 618dell3 693delGG 785del7 796delG 1135insC Missense mutations ATG(387) 2212A>G 2235C>T 2235C>G 2236G>A 2262G>A 2271G>C 2364C>T 2421T>C Nonsense mutations 416G>A 783C>T 797G>A 855C>T 929C>A 1022C>G 1112G>A 1317C>T 1363G>A 1776C>T 1782C>T 1815G>T 2154C>T 2171G>A 2319C>T 2400C>T amino acid insertions & deletions 1257delGAG 1968delGGT 2145-56del 2355detATC Splice defects 1610A>G ivs2020+1G>A ivs2021-2A>G ivs2166+1G>A ivs2252-10G>A Frame shifts 442delC 488C>AT 524insT 660del34 663delC 684delG 787TGCTG>AGCATT 927delTA 977insT 1004del13 1079delGG 1171del7 1182delG 1521insC N 1 3 1 2 1 1 6 1 N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 N 3 1 N 1 1 1 1 1 N 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 ALDP _ nd nd - - + - nd ALDP - - - - - nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd - - ALDP nd nd nd - - nd nd nd ALDP nd nd - nd nd ALDP - nd nd nd nd nd nd - nd nd - nd nd - Reference 32 23,32,37 37 31,33 13 13 31,32,35,36,73 40 Reference 36 32 32 32 32 29 37 22 22 23 31 24,37 27 73 13 * Reference * 37 37 13,37,73 36 29 73 32 Reference 31 23 30 36 30 Reference 32 73 36 29 32 * 34 36 73 37 31,36 32 37 36 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 1 1 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 1 1 1 1 1 Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 al. Table I. Continued. Exon 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 8 8 9 start 1 2 2 3 3 3 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 Exon 6 10 Allele Fs A417 Fs V470 Fs V470 Fs E471 Fs F517 Fs G529 Fs P534 Fs A597 Fs S606 Fs D649 Allele 0.5 kb in exon 1 exon2del exon2-7del exon3-5del exon3-10del exon3-10del exon6-10del exon7-9del exon7-10del exon7-10del exon8-9del exon8-10del multiple exons Allele L516L Mutation 1250delC 1411insA 1412delAA 1415delAG 1551delC 1585delG alt1603-1991 1791delTA 1818delG 1949delGC 7 kb deletion Nucl.
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ABCD3 p.Asn148Ser 10227685:103:263
status: NEW