ABCD1 p.Arg464*
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c.1390C>T
,
p.Arg464*
D
, Pathogenic
|
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[hide] Identification of new mutations in Israeli patient... Genet Test. 2001 Spring;5(1):65-8. Neumann S, Topper A, Mandel H, Shapira I, Golan O, Gazit E, Loewenthal R
Identification of new mutations in Israeli patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Genet Test. 2001 Spring;5(1):65-8., [PMID:11336405]
Abstract [show]
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by impaired peroxisomal betaoxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). This is probably due to reduced activation of the VLCFAs and results in demyelination of the nervous system and adrenocortical insufficiency. The ALD gene is localized on Xq28, has 10 exons and encodes a protein of 745 amino acids with significant homology to the membrane peroxisomal protein PMP70. Characterizing the disease causing mutations is of importance in prenatal diagnosis because 12-20% of women who are obligatory carriers show false-negative results when tested for VLCFA in plasma. We have analyzed DNA from blood samples of 7 Jewish (5 Sephardi and 2 Ashkenazi) and 3 Arab Israeli families suffering from ALD. Five missense-type mutations were identified: R104H, Y174C, L229P, R401Q, and G512C. A single mutation, R464X, was nonsense, and two, Y171 frameshift and E471 frameshift, were frameshift. Interestingly, a single mutation was identified in three families of Moroccan Jewish descent, probably due to a founder effect.
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No. Sentence Comment
7 A single mutation, R464X, was nonsense, and two, Y171 frameshift and E471 frameshift, were frameshift.
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 11336405:7:19
status: NEW46 The other three mutations are nonsense, R464X, and frameshift mutations: Y171 frameshift (901insC, Fig. 1), E471 frameshift (1800insC, Fig. 3).
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 11336405:46:40
status: NEW50 Three of the mutations-R104H, R401Q, and R464X-were previouslydescribedin patients with ALD and are substitutions of arginine (Fanen et al., 1994; Fuchs et al., 1994; Braun et al., 1995).
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 11336405:50:41
status: NEW53 MUTATIONS IN THE ALD GENE Family number Exon cDNA alteration Amino acid alteration Missense: 1 1 G697A R104H 2 1 A907G Y174C 3, 4, 5 1 T1072C L229P 6 3 G1588A R401Q 7 6 G1920T G512C Nonsense: 8 4 C1776T R464X Frameshift: 9 1 901insC Y171 frameshift 10 5 1800insC E471 frameshift FIG. 1.
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 11336405:53:203
status: NEW[hide] ABCD1 mutations and the X-linked adrenoleukodystro... Hum Mutat. 2001 Dec;18(6):499-515. Kemp S, Pujol A, Waterham HR, van Geel BM, Boehm CD, Raymond GV, Cutting GR, Wanders RJ, Moser HW
ABCD1 mutations and the X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy mutation database: role in diagnosis and clinical correlations.
Hum Mutat. 2001 Dec;18(6):499-515., [PMID:11748843]
Abstract [show]
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which encodes a peroxisomal ABC half-transporter (ALDP) involved in the import of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into the peroxisome. The disease is characterized by a striking and unpredictable variation in phenotypic expression. Phenotypes include the rapidly progressive childhood cerebral form (CCALD), the milder adult form, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and variants without neurologic involvement. There is no apparent correlation between genotype and phenotype. In males, unambiguous diagnosis can be achieved by demonstration of elevated levels of VLCFA in plasma. In 15 to 20% of obligate heterozygotes, however, test results are false-negative. Therefore, mutation analysis is the only reliable method for the identification of heterozygotes. Since most X-ALD kindreds have a unique mutation, a great number of mutations have been identified in the ABCD1 gene in the last seven years. In order to catalog and facilitate the analysis of these mutations, we have established a mutation database for X-ALD ( http://www.x-ald.nl). In this review we report a detailed analysis of all 406 X-ALD mutations currently included in the database. Also, we present 47 novel mutations. In addition, we review the various X-ALD phenotypes, the different diagnostic tools, and the need for extended family screening for the identification of new patients.
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164 X-ALD Mutations Identified in the ABCD1 Gene Allele Exon Mutation Protein Remark fs P42 1 125insC n.d. # fs P84 1 253insC n.d. # E90K 1 268G>A n.d. # S98L 1 293C>T Present S98L 1 293C>T Present R104H 1 311G>A n.d. fs A112 1 337delC Absent # R113C 1 337C>T Present # R113P 1 338G>C n.d. # Q133X 1 397C>T Absent W137X 1 411G>A Absent P143S 1 427C>T n.d. S149N 1 446G>A Present R152S 1 454C>A n.d. R152C 1 454C>T Present R152L 1 455G>T Reduced # S161P 1 481T>C n.d. # R163P 1 488G>C n.d. Y174C 1 521A>G Absent Y174C 1 521A>G n.d. Q177X 1 529C>T Absent Y181C 1 542A>G n.d. fs Y181 1 544ins8bp n.d. # Q195X 1 583C>T n.d. # T198K 1 593C>A n.d. # fs S207 1 621del664bp Absent # SV207-8insAAS 1 622-23ins9bp n.d. # K217E 1 649A>G Present # P218T 1 652C>A n.d. V224E 1 671T>G n.d. # L229P 1 686T>C n.d. L229P 1 686T>C n.d. fs S235 1 706delCGTG n.d. # W242X 1 726G>A Absent G266R 1 796G>A n.d. G266R 1 796G>A n.d. R274W, R280C 1 820C>T, 838C>T n.d. # R285P 1 854G>C n.d. S290X 1 869C>A Absent # E291del 1 871-73delGAG Absent Y296C 1 887A>G n.d. Y296C 1 887A>G n.d. fs E300 IVS1 IVS1+1g>t n.d. # fs E300 IVS1 IVS1-1g>a n.d. # S315X 2 944C>A n.d. # K336M 2 1007A>T n.d. # G343D 2 1028G>A n.d. # R401Q 3 1202G>A Present R401Q 3 1202G>A Present K407X 3 1219A>T n.d. # E427del 4 1279-81delGAA n.d. # Q430X 4 1288C>T n.d. # R464X 4 1390C>T n.d. fs E471 5 1415delAG Absent fs E471 5 1415delAG Absent fs E471 5 1415delAG Absent fs E471 5 1415delAG Absent C511X 6 1533C>A n.d. # R518Q 6 1553G>A Absent fs G528 6 1586-90del Absent # fs Y532 6 1599delG Absent # P543L 6 1628C>T Absent P543L 6 1628C>T Absent fs Q544 6 1628-34duplicated n.d. # fs R545 IVS 6 IVS6+1g>c n.d. # R554H 7 1661G>A Absent fs Q556 7 1670delTG n.d. # (continued) replaced by a pyrimidine (C or T) or vice versa, and transitions, comprising the substitution of one purine by the other, or of one pyrimidine by the other.
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 11748843:164:1308
status: NEW[hide] Decreased expression of ABCD4 and BG1 genes early ... Hum Mol Genet. 2005 May 15;14(10):1293-303. Epub 2005 Mar 30. Asheuer M, Bieche I, Laurendeau I, Moser A, Hainque B, Vidaud M, Aubourg P
Decreased expression of ABCD4 and BG1 genes early in the pathogenesis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
Hum Mol Genet. 2005 May 15;14(10):1293-303. Epub 2005 Mar 30., [PMID:15800013]
Abstract [show]
Childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCER), adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) and AMN with cerebral demyelination (AMN-C) are the main phenotypic variants of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). It is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding a half-size peroxisomal transporter that has to dimerize to become functional. The biochemical hallmark of ALD is the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma and tissues. However, there is no correlation between the ALD phenotype and the ABCD1 gene mutations or the accumulation of VLCFA in plasma and fibroblast from ALD patients. The absence of genotype-phenotype correlation suggests the existence of modifier genes. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability of ALD, we studied the expression of ABCD1, three other peroxisomal transporter genes of the same family (ABCD2, ABCD3 and ABCD4) and two VLCFA synthetase genes (VLCS and BG1) involved in VLCFA metabolism, as well as the VLCFA concentrations in the normal white matter (WM) from ALD patients with CCER, AMN-C and AMN phenotypes. This study shows that: (1) ABCD1 gene mutations leading to truncated ALD protein are unlikely to cause variation in the ALD phenotype; (2) accumulation of saturated VLCFA in normal-appearing WM correlates with ALD phenotype and (3) expression of the ABCD4 and BG1, but not of the ABCD2, ABCD3 and VLCS genes, tends to be correlated with the severity of the disease, acting early in the pathogenesis of ALD.
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No. Sentence Comment
76 Mutation Amino acid alteration Type of mutation at the protein level Tissue sample CCER1 521A.G Y174C Missense CCER2 1414insC fsE471 Frame shift CCER3 Unknown Unknown Unknown Fibroblast CCER4 411G.A W137X Nonsense CCER5 1961T.C L654P Missense CCER6 529C.T Q177X Nonsense CCER7 901-1G.A fsE300 Frame shift CCER8 796G.A G266R Missense CCER9 1822G.A G608S Missense Brain CCER10 1390C.A R464X Nonsense CCER11 253-254insC fsP84 Frame shift CCER12 619_627del S207_A209del Deletion AMN-C1 1414-1415insC fsE471 Frame shift AMN-C2 1661G.A R554H Missense AMN-C3 1585delG fsG528 Frame shift Fibroblast AMN-C4 1661G.A R554H Missense AMN-C5 1825G.A E609K Missense AMN-C6 919C.T Q307X Nonsense AMN-C7 1850G.A R617H Missense AMN-C8 887A.G Y296C Missense AMN-C9 965T.C L322P Missense Brain AMN-C10 1390C.T R464X Nonsense AMN-C11 [1165C.T;1224 þ 1GT.TG] [R389C;fSE408] Missense; frame shift AMN-C12 1661G.A R554H Missense AMN-C13 [1997A.C;2007C.G] [Y666S;H669Q] Missense AMN-C14 1755delG fsH586 Frame shift AMN1 529C.T Q177X Nonsense AMN2 1999C.G H667D Missense AMN3 1415delAG fsE471 Frame shift Fibroblast AMN4 337delC fsA112 Frame shift AMN5 310C.T R104C Missense AMN6 919C.T Q307X Nonsense AMN7 323C.T S108L Missense Brain All mutation designations conform to the nomenclature described by Antonarakis and den Dunnen (30,31).
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 15800013:76:383
status: NEWX
ABCD1 p.Arg464* 15800013:76:790
status: NEW[hide] Identification of mutations in the putative ATP-bi... J Clin Invest. 1994 Aug;94(2):516-20. Fanen P, Guidoux S, Sarde CO, Mandel JL, Goossens M, Aubourg P
Identification of mutations in the putative ATP-binding domain of the adrenoleukodystrophy gene.
J Clin Invest. 1994 Aug;94(2):516-20., [PMID:8040304]
Abstract [show]
The recently identified adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) gene is predicted to encode a peroxisomal protein of 745 amino acids that includes one domain for ATP-binding, termed nucleotide-binding fold (NBF). To determine whether mutations occur in the putative NBF of ALD protein, we analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) exon 6 and 8 that encode most part of this domain in 50 ALD patients. Four amino acid substitutions, three frameshift mutations leading to premature termination signal, and a splicing mutation were identified. These amino acid substitutions occurred at residues highly conserved in other ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. In addition, a nonsense mutation was detected in exon 4.
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No. Sentence Comment
108 The R464X mutation was found in one patient who had Addison's disease at 10 A G CT nt 1935 G -M G -N.- A _ T nt 1943 Control Phe 51 7 Arg 518 lle 519 AG CT nt 1935 - / T]Phe ._/C_ 517 _ -.4 T -> w *.
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 8040304:108:4
status: NEW145 Mutations Detected in the ALD Gene Name Nucleotide change Effect on coding sequence Exon Clinical phenotype R464X C - T at 1776 Arg - Stop at 464 4 AMN* 1937delC Deletion of C at 1937 Frameshift 6 cerebral ALD R518W CT at 1938 Arg-Trpat 518 6 AMN 2020 + I G - A G - A at 2020 + 1 5' splice signal Intron 6 ACMN2 2177delTA Deletion of TA at 2177 Frameshift 8 cerebral ALD S606L C - T at 2203 Ser - Leu at 606 8 Addison 2204delG Deletion of G at 2204 Frameshift 8 Addison R617C C - T at 2235 Arg - Cys at 617 8 cerebral ALD R617H G - A at 2236 Arg - His at 617 8 ACMN * Adrenomyeloneuropathy; tadrenomyeloneuropathy with cerebral involvement.
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 8040304:145:108
status: NEW[hide] Adrenoleukodystrophy in Norway: high rate of de no... Pediatr Neurol. 2013 Mar;48(3):212-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.12.007. Horn MA, Retterstol L, Abdelnoor M, Skjeldal OH, Tallaksen CM
Adrenoleukodystrophy in Norway: high rate of de novo mutations and age-dependent penetrance.
Pediatr Neurol. 2013 Mar;48(3):212-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.12.007., [PMID:23419472]
Abstract [show]
To investigate X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in an unselected population, we performed a population based, cross-sectional prevalence study, supplemented by a retrospective study of deceased subjects. Sixty-three subjects (34 males, 29 females) belonging to 22 kindreds were included. Thirty-nine subjects (13 males, 26 females) were alive, and 24 (21 males, 3 females) were deceased on the prevalence day. The point prevalence of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in Norway on July 1, 2011, was 0.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence at birth in the period 1956-1995 was 1.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. An age-dependent penetrance was observed among males and females, with more severe phenotypes appearing with rising age. Only 5% of deceased males had not developed cerebral leukodystrophy. No female older than 50 years was neurologically intact. Sixteen mutations in the ABCD1 gene were identified. De novo mutations were found in 19% of probands. The frequency of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy was lower in Norway than reported in the literature. A more severe natural course than previously reported was observed, indicating a need for better follow-up of both male and female patients. Given the high rate of de novo mutations, identification programs such as newborn screening may be required to offer timely treatment to all patients.
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145 ABCD1 gene mutations found in 21 Norwegian kindred with X-ALD* Gene Effect Amino Acid Effect Exon Reported n Kindred c.99C>A p.Y33X 1 No 1 c.139C>T p.Q47X 1 Yes 1 c.293C>A p.S98X 1 No 1 c.589_590delCT p.L197DfsX103 1 No 1 c.761C>T p.T254M 1 Yes 1 c.796G>A p.G266A 1 Yes 1 c.1202G>A p.R401Q 3 Yes 3 c.1390C>T p.R464X 4 Yes 2 c.1415_1416delAG p.Q472RfsX83 5 Yes 1 c.1497-1505del p.E499-H505delinsD 6 No 1 c.1553G>A p.R518Q 6 Yes 3 c.1581C>A p.Y527X 6 No 1 c.1585_1587delGGT p.G529del 6 Yes 1 c.1731delA p.A578PfsX58 7 No 1 c.1772G>C p.R591P 7 Yes 1 c.1822G>A p.G608S 8 Yes 1 Abbreviation: n &#bc; kindred sharing this mutation * One kindred was unavailable for genotyping. concerning the number of at-risk subjects and their health status was obtained.
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ABCD1 p.Arg464* 23419472:145:310
status: NEW