ABCMdb

ABCC7 p.Arg1453Trp

CF databases:	c.4357C>T , p.Arg1453Trp (CFTR1) ? , The mutation was found by screening CFTR mutations in 25 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis using SSCP analysis and direct sequencing. It was detected in one of the CFTR alleles of another patient with diffuse panbronchiolitis.
Predicted by SNAP2:	A: D (71%), C: D (80%), D: D (85%), E: D (80%), F: D (75%), G: D (85%), H: D (66%), I: D (66%), K: D (59%), L: D (71%), M: D (71%), N: D (80%), P: D (85%), Q: D (71%), S: D (75%), T: D (71%), V: D (66%), W: D (91%), Y: D (71%),
Predicted by PROVEAN:	A: N, C: N, D: N, E: N, F: N, G: N, H: N, I: N, K: N, L: N, M: N, N: N, P: N, Q: N, S: N, T: N, V: N, W: N, Y: N,

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[hide] Identification of 779 genetic variations in eight ... J Hum Genet. 2002;47(4):147-71. Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, Miura Y, Ogawa C, Kawauchi S, Higuchi S, Nakamura Y
Identification of 779 genetic variations in eight genes encoding members of the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (ABCC/MRP/CFTR.
J Hum Genet. 2002;47(4):147-71., [PMID:12166651]

Abstract [show]
We screened DNAs from 48 Japanese individuals for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genes encoding the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (ABCC/ MRP/CFTR), by direct sequencing of their entire genomic regions, except repetitive sequence elements. This approach identified 688 SNPs and 91 insertion/deletion polymorphisms among the eight genes. Of the 688 SNPs, 81 were identified in the ABCC1 gene, 41 in ABCC2, 30 in ABCC3, 230 in ABCC4, 76 in ABCC5, 58 in CFTR, 102 in ABCC8. and 70 in ABCC9. Six SNPs were located in the 5' flanking regions, 617 in introns, 46 in exons, and 19 in the 3' flanking regions. These variants should contribute to studies that investigate possible correlations of genotypes with disease-susceptibility phenotypes and responsiveness or adverse effects to drugs.

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72 A longer Fig. 1a-h. Continued Fig. 1a-h. Continued Fig. 1a-h. Continued Table 2a. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC1 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 5ЈFlanking -1661 A/G 2 Intron 2 601 G/A rs215109 3 Intron 2 635 T/C 4 Intron 2 4769 G/del 5 Intron 2 4834 G/A rs1472532 6 Intron 2 10069 T/C 7 Intron 2 11782 A/G rs215096 8 Intron 2 (11965-11984) (T)18-20 9 Intron 4 4302 T/G 10 Intron 4 4394 A/C 11 Intron 4 4524 T/C 12 Intron 5 409 G/A rs1967120 13 Intron 5 1759 C/G rs185005 14 Intron 5 1768 T/C rs246215 15 Intron 6 9045 G/A 16 Intron 7 208 G/A rs2062541 17 Intron 7 (3059-3071) (A)11-13 18 Intron 8 54 C/Ab rs903880 19 Intron 8 (886-889) GAAA/del 20 Intron 8 2420 C/T rs246230 21 Exon 9 16 T/C(Val275Val)c rs246221 22 Exon 10 22 T/C(Asn354Asn) rs35587 23 Intron 10 8 A/G rs35588 2a. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 24 Intron 10 1940 C/G rs35591 25 Intron 10 1953 T/C rs35592 26 Intron 11 198 C/A 27 Intron 11 784 C/G 28 Intron 12 122 C/G 29 Intron 12 (3138-3148) (A)10-12 30 Intron 12 3197 G/A rs35595 31 Intron 12 3227 C/Tc 32 Intron 13 2060 T/C 33 Intron 13 (2061-2062) C/ins 34 Intron 13 7882 G/A rs35597 35 Intron 13 11776 G/A 36 Intron 13 11824 A/G rs35604 37 Exon 14 7 T/C(Leu562Leu)c rs35605 38 Intron 14 105 C/T rs35606 39 Intron 14 179 A/T 40 Intron 14 321 T/C rs35607 41 Intron 15 2754 G/C rs35620 42 Intron 15 3022 C/T rs35621 43 Intron 15 3980 C/T rs35625 44 Intron 16 219 G/T 45 Intron 16 310 C/T 46 Intron 16 357 G/T rs35626 47 Intron 16 513 G/A rs35627 48 Intron 16 848 A/G rs35628 49 Intron 16 890 G/T 50 Intron 16 1184 C/T rs35629 51 Exon 17 19 C/T(Pro669Pro) rs2301666 52 Intron 17 1171 G/A 53 Intron 17 1332 A/G 54 Exon 18 53 G/A(Arg723Gln) 55 Intron 19 293 T/C rs2074086 56 Intron 19 (3369-3374) (CA)2-3 57 Intron 19 3383 G/C rs207487 58 Intron 20 2730 C/T 59 Intron 20 2789 G/C 60 Intron 20 2919 C/T 61 Intron 20 3024 C/T 62 Intron 20 8716 G/A rs2239996 63 Intron 20 9718 A/C 64 Intron 20 9733 G/C 65 Intron 20 (9895-9896) AT/del 66 Intron 20 9952 G/A 67 Intron 20 11120 A/G 68 Intron 20 11147 G/A 69 Intron 20 (11629-11631) CTT/del 70 Intron 20 11864 C/T 71 Intron 21 3860 G/del 72 Intron 22 878 G/A 73 Intron 22 (4428-4445) (GGGGCT)3-4 74 Intron 23 62 T/C 75 Intron 24 3171 C/T 76 Intron 24 (3349-3368) (T)19-22 77 Intron 24 3369 T/C 78 Intron 24 3584 A/G 79 Intron 24 5322 T/G rs2238475 80 Exon 25 60 G/A(Pro1150Pro) 81 Intron 27 4539 G/A 82 Intron 28 179 G/A rs212011 83 Intron 28 1354 G/A rs212082 84 Intron 28 2150 G/A rs212083 85 Exon 29 36 G/A(Ser1334Ser)c rs2239330 86 Intron 29 1920 G/A rs212087 87 Intron 30 (1708-1714) (T)6-7 88 Intron 31 18 G/Ab rs212088 89 Exon 32 652 C/T(3ЈUTR) 90 Exon 32 910 C/G(3ЈUTR) rs129081 2b. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC2 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 Exon 1 77 C/T(5ЈUTR) rs717620 2 Intron 1 413 A/C rs2756103 3 Intron 2 192 T/G 4 Intron 2 1020 G/C 5 Intron 2 3639 C/A 6 Intron 2 3930 A/G 7 Intron 2 3989 C/T 8 Intron 2 4078 T/C rs2145852 9 Intron 2 4171 C/T rs2756107 10 Intron 2 4257 G/A rs2145853 11 Intron 2 4436 C/G rs2180990 12 Intron 2 5227 A/G 13 Intron 2 5373 A/G 14 Intron 2 5538 G/T 15 Intron 3 772 A/T rs2073336 16 Intron 3 1145 C/T rs2804400 17 Intron 7 1658 G/T rs2756109 18 Exon 10 40 G/A(Val417Ile) rs2273697 19 Intron 11 1672 T/A 20 Intron 12 148 A/G rs2073337 21 Intron 13 180 G/C 22 Intron 13 1497 T/C rs2756114 23 Intron 15 169 T/C 24 Intron 15 949 A/G 25 Intron 15 984 A/C 26 Intron 16 4059 C/G 27 Intron 19 10899 G/A 28 Exon 22 51 G/A(Ser978Ser) 29 Intron 23 56 C/T 30 Intron 23 432 G/A 31 Intron 23 734 G/A 32 Intron 23 801 T/G 33 Intron 26 154 T/C 34 Intron 27 124 C/G 35 Exon 28 52 A/C(Lys1299Gln) 36 Exon 28 84 C/T(Tyr1309Tyr) 37 Exon 28 129 C/T(Ile1324Ile) 38 Intron 29 154 A/G 39 Intron 30 91 T/C 40 Intron 31 170 A/G 41 3ЈFlanking 371 C/T rs12826 ABCC2, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member2 Table 2a. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 91 Exon 32 975 T/A(3ЈUTR) rs212090 92 3ЈFlanking 158 G/A 93 3ЈFlanking (187-199) (T)11-13 94 3ЈFlanking 378 T/C rs212091 95 3ЈFlanking 2227 G/A ABCC1, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member1; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; UTR, untranslated region; del, deletion; ins, insertion a For SNPs in the 5Ј flanking region, intron region, or 3Ј flanking region, nucleotide positions are counted from the first intronic nucleotide at the exon/intron junction (for SNPs in the exon region, nucleotide positions are counted from the first exonic nucleotide at the exon/intron junction) b SNPs previously reported by Conrad et al. (2001) c SNPs previously reported by Ito et al. (2001) 2c. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC3 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 5ЈFlanking -1064 C/T 2 5ЈFlanking -(827-820) (C)7-8 3 Intron 1 1226 T/G 4 Intron 1 (1389-1399) (A)10-12 5 Intron 1 2070 C/T 6 Intron 1 4378 A/G rs1548529 7 Intron 1 4477 G/A 8 Intron 1 6189 T/C 9 Intron 2 268 G/A 10 Intron 2 376 G/C 11 Intron 2 446 C/T 12 Intron 3 166 G/A rs2301836 13 Intron 5 206 G/A rs739923 14 Intron 6 432 G/C rs733393 15 Intron 6 546 G/A rs733392 16 Intron 7 1132 C/G rs1978153 17 Intron 7 1537 C/T rs2301837 18 Intron 8 2323 C/G 19 Intron 12 85 C/del 20 Intron 14 257 T/C rs879459 21 Intron 18 303 G/A rs2240801 22 Intron 19 1581 C/T 23 Intron 20 29 C/T rs2072365 24 Intron 20 53 G/A rs2072366 25 Exon 22 180 C/T(Gly1013Gly) 26 Intron 23 1053 G/A rs2240802 27 Intron 24 84 C/T rs967935 28 Exon 27 135 C/T(His1314His) rs2277624 29 Intron 28 412 T/C rs872793 30 Intron 30 1979 C/G 31 Intron 30 2340 A/G 32 Exon 31 34 A/G(Glu1503Glu) rs1051640 33 3ЈFlanking (555-558) AAGA/del 34 3ЈFlanking 1455 G/A 35 3ЈFlanking (1650-1659) (A)9-11 ABCC3, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member3 Table 2d. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC4 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 5ЈFlanking -644 C/T 2 5ЈFlanking -527 C/G rs869951 3 Exon 1 67 C/T(5ЈUTR) 4 Intron 1 (864-865) CT/del 5 Intron 1 21255 A/G 6 Intron 1 21503 T/C 7 Intron 1 21900 C/G 8 Intron 1 22005 C/T 9 Intron 1 (22256-22264) (T)8-9 10 Intron 1 27784 C/G 11 Intron 1 27821 A/T 12 Intron 1 27837 A/G 13 Intron 1 27880 C/T 14 Intron 1 40310 A/T 15 Intron 1 40372 G/A 16 Intron 1 40413 G/A 17 Intron 1 40958 A/G 18 Intron 1 50060 G/A 19 Intron 2 181 G/T 20 Intron 2 254 G/A 21 Intron 2 290 T/C 22 Intron 2 543 T/C 23 Intron 3 557 G/A 24 Intron 3 718 G/A 25 Intron 3 801 G/A 26 Intron 3 1022 T/C 2d. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 27 Intron 3 1471 A/G 28 Intron 3 1490 G/A 29 Intron 3 (1833-1834) G/ins 30 Intron 3 1870 G/A 31 Intron 3 1927 G/A 32 Intron 3 1970 A/T 33 Intron 3 2039 T/C 34 Intron 3 (2067-2068) CTTT/ins 35 Intron 3 3563 G/A 36 Intron 3 3696 C/G 37 Intron 3 4093 T/C 38 Intron 3 4097 T/del 39 Intron 3 9724 A/G 40 Intron 3 9988 G/A 41 Intron 3 10952 A/G 42 Intron 3 11125 A/G 43 Intron 3 11244 C/del 44 Intron 3 11916 A/del 45 Intron 3 12047 A/G 46 Exon 4 205 T/G(Cys171Gly) 47 Intron 4 (412-414) GTT/del 48 Intron 4 -(9757-9756) T/ins 49 Intron 4 -6373 C/G 50 Intron 4 -6267 T/C 51 Intron 4 -6097 T/C 52 Intron 4 -6057 C/T 53 Intron 4 -5295 A/G 54 Intron 4 -803 C/T 55 Intron 4 -745 C/T rs1678400 56 Intron 4 -736 C/T 57 Intron 4 -728 C/T 58 Intron 4 -624 A/C 59 Intron 4 -470 C/T 60 Intron 4 -411 G/A 61 Intron 4 -323 C/T 62 Intron 4 -246 A/G 63 Intron 4 -199 C/T 64 Intron 4 -108 C/T rs899497 65 Intron 5 50 C/T rs899496 66 Intron 5 73 C/T 67 Intron 5 403 G/A 68 Intron 5 537 T/A rs943288 69 Intron 5 559 G/A rs873706 70 Intron 5 749 G/A rs873705 71 Intron 5 750 C/T rs899495 72 Intron 5 937 G/C 73 Intron 5 949 A/C rs2389203 74 Intron 5 965 G/C rs1678403 75 Exon 6 48 C/T(Ile223Ile) rs899494 76 Intron 6 150 C/T 77 Intron 6 158 C/T rs2389204 78 Intron 6 (380-381) AT/ins 79 Intron 6 1400 T/G rs2274410 80 Intron 6 1474 G/A rs2274409 81 Intron 7 80 G/A rs2274408 82 Intron 7 894 A/T 83 Exon 8 1 G/T(Lys302Asn) rs2274407 84 Exon 8 40 G/A(Arg317Arg) rs2274406 85 Exon 8 58 G/A(Ser323Ser) rs2274405 86 Intron 8 82 C/G 87 Intron 8 100 C/T 88 Intron 8 5212 A/T 89 Intron 8 5444 T/G 90 Intron 8 8969 A/G 91 Intron 8 9106 T/C 92 Intron 8 9189 G/A rs1751021 93 Intron 8 9412 G/A 94 Intron 9 70 T/C rs2274403 95 Intron 9 116 A/G 96 Intron 9 1384 T/C 2d. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 97 Intron 9 1428 A/G rs1751015 98 Intron 9 1459 A/G 99 Intron 9 1485 C/A rs1751014 100 Intron 9 1632 C/A 101 Intron 9 3630 G/del 102 Intron 9 3830 C/T 103 Intron 9 3940 C/T 104 Intron 9 4023 G/A rs1678374 105 Intron 10 1411 A/G rs1557069 106 Intron 10 1504 G/A 107 Intron 11 171 C/A rs2148529 108 Intron 11 1233 T/C rs1564351 109 Intron 11 1293 G/A rs1751008 110 Intron 11 1817 G/C 111 Intron 11 3261 C/T rs1887163 112 Intron 11 3322 C/A rs1887162 113 Intron 11 3342 T/C 114 Intron 11 3377 T/C 115 Intron 11 (3610-3625) (A)15-17 116 Intron 11 3737 A/G 117 Intron 11 6953 C/A 118 Intron 13 91 G/A rs1751005 119 Intron 13 118 C/T rs2296653 120 Intron 13 280 G/A rs1678405 121 Intron 13 349 T/G rs1073500 122 Intron 13 373 A/G rs2009772 123 Intron 13 386 G/A rs2478461 124 Intron 13 442 G/C 125 Intron 13 459 T/C 126 Intron 13 633 G/A 127 Intron 13 645 G/T 128 Intron 13 3092 C/T rs1751003 129 Intron 13 3306 A/C 130 Intron 13 6722 G/A rs1729786 131 Intron 14 252 A/G 132 Intron 15 124 C/T 133 Intron 15 219 G/A rs1729770 134 Intron 15 1016 A/G rs1038138 135 Intron 15 1552 C/T 136 Intron 16 107 T/C rs1729764 137 Intron 16 157 G/A 138 Intron 17 329 T/C 139 Exon 18 56 G/A(Glu757Lys) 140 Intron 19 5440 T/C rs1729788 141 Intron 19 7202 T/del 142 Intron 19 7445 T/C 143 Intron 19 8337 T/C rs1471481 144 Intron 19 9018 A/G 145 Intron 19 9127 G/T rs899498 146 Intron 19 10304 C/A rs1479390 147 Intron 19 11388 A/G 148 Intron 19 11646 T/del 149 Intron 19 13517 A/T 150 Intron 19 19989 A/T rs997777 151 Intron 19 21033 G/A 152 Intron 19 21095 A/T 153 Intron 19 21582 G/A rs2619313 154 Intron 19 21634 C/T 155 Intron 19 21715 C/T 156 Intron 19 23090 G/A 157 Intron 19 24297 A/G 158 Intron 19 25947 C/A 159 Intron 19 30193 A/C 160 Intron 19 33424 A/G rs1189428 161 Intron 19 33474 T/C rs1189429 162 Intron 19 34901 T/G rs1564353 163 Intron 19 34916 G/T rs1564354 164 Intron 19 35277 T/C rs1564355 165 Intron 19 36938 C/G 166 Intron 19 37322 C/T 2d. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 167 Intron 19 (38361-38362) T/ins 168 Intron 19 38746 T/C 169 Intron 19 41603 T/C rs1678342 170 Intron 19 42343 C/T 171 Intron 19 44733 A/del 172 Intron 19 45056 T/G rs1678394 173 Intron 20 (405-419) (T)13-15 174 Intron 20 (637-648) (A)12-13 175 Intron 20 842 T/del 176 Intron 20 843 T/C 177 Intron 20 1347 T/del 178 Intron 20 1614 A/G rs1729748 179 Intron 20 2222 G/A rs1678395 180 Intron 20 4115 G/A rs1628382 181 Intron 20 9851 T/G rs1678363 182 Intron 20 10233 C/T rs1729775 183 Intron 20 12141 T/G rs1630807 184 Intron 20 12153 G/C rs1751059 185 Intron 20 (14553-14567) (A)13-15 186 Intron 20 15487 C/T 187 Intron 20 15698 G/C rs1678354 188 Intron 20 15951 C/A rs1729761 189 Intron 20 16152 T/C rs1729760 190 Intron 20 16161 T/C 191 Intron 20 16185 A/G rs1729759 192 Intron 20 30891 C/T 193 Intron 20 30984 C/T rs1189434 194 Intron 20 31180 G/A 195 Intron 20 31283 A/del 196 Intron 20 31526 A/G rs1189435 197 Intron 20 32572 A/C rs1189437 198 Intron 21 404 C/T rs1189438 199 Intron 21 428 G/A rs1189439 200 Intron 21 2016 C/T rs1751052 201 Intron 21 3703 G/A rs1678362 202 Intron 21 3898 G/C rs1751050 203 Intron 21 3902 C/T rs1624638 204 Intron 21 4204 A/T 205 Intron 21 4336 T/C rs943290 206 Intron 21 4471 C/T rs943289 207 Intron 21 4527 A/G rs1729755 208 Intron 21 7071 C/A rs1751042 209 Exon 22 26 A/G(Leu904Leu) rs1678339 210 Intron 22 1026 A/C 211 Exon 23 38 C/T(Phe948Phe) rs1189466 212 Intron 23 377 A/G 213 Intron 23 395 G/A rs1189465 214 Intron 23 602 G/A rs1189464 215 Intron 24 99 A/G rs2274401 216 Intron 24 1096 G/A rs1189462 217 Intron 25 128 G/A rs1189461 218 Intron 25 4122 C/G/T 219 Intron 25 4422 G/C rs1189457 220 Intron 25 4936 A/C rs1678365 221 Intron 25 5251 A/G rs1751036 222 Intron 25 5428 G/A rs1678409 223 Intron 25 6418 C/A 224 Intron 25 8764 T/C rs1751035 225 Intron 25 (8765-8775) (T)5-11 226 Exon 26 138 A/G(Lys1116Lys) rs1751034 227 Intron 26 67 G/C 228 Intron 26 100 T/G rs1751033 229 Intron 26 (101-109) (T)8-9 230 Intron 26 362 G/A rs931110 231 Intron 26 463 T/C rs922522 232 Intron 26 591 T/C rs931111 233 Intron 26 7716 G/A rs1189444 234 Intron 26 7816 G/A rs1189445 235 Intron 26 7845 A/G rs1189446 236 Intron 26 9266 A/G rs1189449 2d. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 237 Intron 27 7469 G/A rs1151471 238 Intron 28 391 T/del 239 Intron 29 2569 C/T 240 Intron 29 7820 C/T 241 Intron 30 6269 A/G 242 Intron 30 6320 C/T 243 Intron 30 6474 A/G 244 Intron 30 6519 C/T 245 Intron 30 6574 C/T 246 Intron 30 6680 A/G 247 Intron 30 -704 A/C 248 Intron 30 -228 A/G 249 Intron 30 -(14-5) (T)9-10 250 Exon 31 146 G/T(3ЈUTR) 251 3ЈFlanking 173 A/G 252 3ЈFlanking (430-440) (A)10-11 253 3ЈFlanking 556 G/A 254 3ЈFlanking 741 T/C rs1059751 255 3ЈFlanking 1144 T/C 256 3ЈFlanking 1426 A/T 257 3ЈFlanking 1454 C/T rs1059762 ABCC4, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member4 Table 2e. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC5 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 Intron 1 628 G/C 2 Intron 1 1834 C/T 3 Intron 1 3055 A/del 4 Intron 2 -20280 T/C 5 Intron 2 -20260 A/T 6 Intron 2 -19204 C/T 7 Intron 2 -19043 G/A 8 Intron 2 -18824 A/G 9 Intron 2 -18807 G/A 10 Intron 2 -(18735-18734) A/ins 11 Intron 2 -16898 C/T rs2292997 12 Intron 2 -15903 G/A 13 Intron 2 -15901 C/T 14 Intron 2 -15847 G/A 15 Intron 2 -15605 C/T 16 Intron 2 -13571 G/A 17 Intron 2 -13402 G/T 18 Intron 2 -13325 G/C 19 Intron 2 -7293 C/T 20 Intron 5 374 C/T 21 Intron 5 1490 T/C rs939338 22 Intron 5 (2212-2213) CT/del 23 Intron 5 3283 C/T 24 Intron 5 3469 C/T 25 Intron 5 4411 G/C rs939337 26 Intron 5 4630 C/T rs2313212 27 Intron 7 28 G/A rs2293001 28 Intron 7 443 C/T 29 Intron 7 458 T/G 30 Exon 9 38 C/T(Ala395Ala) rs2271938 31 Intron 9 176 A/G 32 Intron 9 214 G/T 33 Intron 10 703 T/C 34 Intron 10 3580 A/G 35 Intron 10 3655 G/A 36 Intron 10 3854 T/C 37 Intron 10 5040 C/T 38 Intron 10 5062 C/T rs869335 39 Intron 10 5316 C/T 40 Intron 11 213 A/G rs869417 2e. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 41 Exon 12 21 T/C(Cys594Cys) rs939336 42 Intron 12 234 G/A 43 Intron 12 300 A/G 44 Intron 12 318 A/G 45 Intron 12 1545 C/T 46 Intron 13 20 T/C 47 Intron 14 13 C/T rs2271937 48 Intron 14 76 C/T rs1879257 49 Intron 14 278 A/G 50 Intron 15 117 A/C rs2292999 51 Intron 16 (1654-1663) (T)9-10 52 Intron 16 1664 A/T 53 Intron 17 20 T/G 54 Intron 18 232 C/T 55 Intron 19 249 G/A 56 Intron 20 846 G/A 57 Intron 20 1154 A/del 58 Intron 22 (1424-1425) AT/ins 59 Intron 22 1799 T/C rs2280392 60 Intron 23 50 C/G rs1016752 61 Intron 23 1279 G/A rs2292998 62 Intron 24 132 A/G 63 Intron 24 -874 A/G 64 Intron 24 -630 G/A 65 Intron 24 -102 G/C 66 Exon 25 120 C/T(Leu1208Leu) 67 Intron 26 263 C/T 68 Intron 26 -3717 G/A rs2037379 69 Intron 26 -3257 T/C 70 Intron 27 873 G/A 71 Intron 29 (2733-2734) TGTCCAAAGGAAGGACACG/ins 72 Intron 29 2959 A/G 73 Intron 29 4020 G/A 74 Exon 30 684 G/A(3ЈUTR) 75 Exon 30 947 C/T(3ЈUTR) 76 Exon 30 (1145-1160) (TC)6-8(3ЈUTR) 77 Exon 30 1345 A/G(3ЈUTR) rs562 78 3ЈFlanking 4 A/C 79 3ЈFlanking 1729 C/T rs2313217 80 3ЈFlanking 1911 C/T rs1533684 81 3ЈFlanking 1958 A/G rs1000002 82 3ЈFlanking 2008 C/del 83 3ЈFlanking 2052 A/G 84 3ЈFlanking 2238 G/A rs1533683 85 3ЈFlanking 2845 A/G rs1533682 ABCC5, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member5 Table 2f. Summary of genetic variations detected in the CFTR gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 5ЈFlanking -834 T/G 2 5ЈFlanking -729 T/del 3 Exon 1 125 G/C(5ЈUTR) rs1800501 4 Intron 1 6200 G/A rs2283054 5 Intron 1 7538 C/A 6 Intron 1 9203 T/C rs885993 7 Intron 1 13519 T/C rs2237721 8 Intron 1 14110 T/del 9 Intron 1 14293 C/del 10 Intron 1 14316 C/G 11 Intron 1 14433 G/A 12 Intron 1 14824 G/C 13 Intron 1 23401 C/G 14 Intron 3 879 C/A 2f. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 15 Intron 3 922 G/C 16 Intron 3 933 C/T 17 Intron 3 2632 A/C rs980574 18 Intron 3 13704 A/del 19 Intron 3 13758 A/G 20 Intron 3 21578 G/A rs1429566 21 Intron 4 240 T/del 22 Intron 4 376 A/G 23 Intron 4 586 T/C 24 Intron 4 1089 G/A rs957461 25 Intron 4 1101 T/A rs213942 26 Intron 4 1615 C/T 27 Intron 4 1946 T/C 28 Intron 6 783 A/G 29 Intron 6 (1104-1131) (GATT)6-7 30 Intron 7 (731-732) T/ins 31 Intron 7 1434 T/C 32 Intron 7 1481 A/G rs213935 33 Intron 8 752 A/G rs2237725 34 Intron 8 1109 G/A 35 Intron 8 1312 T/del 36 Intron 9 (6499-6520) (TG)11-12 b 37 Intron 10 395 G/A rs1820871 38 Intron 10 2119 T/G 39 Intron 10 2406 G/A rs213946 40 Exon 11 16 G/A(Val470Met)c rs213950 41 Intron 11 3867 A/del 42 Intron 11 11844 A/del 43 Intron 11 12144 T/C rs2082056 44 Intron 11 20975 G/A 45 Intron 11 21152 A/G rs213955 46 Intron 11 21297 G/A rs213956 47 Intron 11 27057 G/A 48 Intron 11 27131 T/del 49 Intron 12 1280 G/A rs213963 50 Intron 12 1449 A/G rs213964 51 Intron 12 1650 T/A rs213965 52 Intron 13 152 T/A 53 Intron 13 287 T/C 54 Intron 14 1826 A/G rs117243 55 Intron 15 (85-86) AT/del 56 Intron 15 106 T/A 57 Intron 15 3267 T/G rs213976 58 Intron 15 3333 T/G rs213977 59 Intron 15 3341 A/C 60 Intron 15 5556 A/T rs2246450 61 Intron 15 5919 C/A rs2106155 62 Intron 15 6282 A/T rs2213958 63 Intron 17 2479 A/C rs2299445 64 Intron 18 -81 A/del 65 Intron 19 751 A/G 66 Intron 19 820 T/C 67 Intron 20 1011 G/T rs213980 68 Intron 21 1532 T/del 69 Intron 21 1607 C/T rs2237726 70 Intron 21 4244 G/A rs213985 71 Intron 21 11260 T/C 72 Intron 22 (130-131) AT/del 73 Intron 23 1837 A/del 74 Intron 24 (7100-7112) (T)12-14 75 Intron 25 237 C/T 76 Exon 27 115 C/T(Arg1453Trp) 77 Exon 27 334 T/del(3ЈUTR) CFTR, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator b SNP previously reported by Chu et al. (1993) c SNP previously reported by Cuppens et al. (1998) 2g. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC8 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 5ЈFlanking -1099 T/C 2 5ЈFlanking -(424-422) CAC/del 3 Intron 1 382 G/C rs985136 4 Intron 1 1212 A/G 5 Exon 2 59 T/C(Pro69Pro)b rs1048099 6 Intron 2 1003 C/A rs2283253 7 Intron 2 1253 C/T rs2283254 8 Intron 2 1382 T/C rs2283255 9 Intron 2 2371 T/A 10 Intron 3 1957 C/T 11 Intron 3 (2088-2089) CCA/ins 12 Intron 3 2204 G/A rs2283257 13 Intron 3 2286 A/G 14 Intron 3 2312 C/G 15 Intron 3 2356 A/G 16 Intron 3 2359 A/C 17 Intron 3 2370 G/A 18 Intron 3 2382 A/G 19 Intron 3 4910 G/A 20 Intron 3 4969 A/G 21 Intron 3 5003 C/G 22 Intron 3 5019 A/C 23 Intron 4 14 C/Tb rs2301703 24 Intron 4 187 G/A rs2301704 25 Intron 4 204 G/C 26 Intron 4 254 G/A 27 Intron 4 357 G/C 28 Intron 5 92 G/A rs2074317 29 Intron 5 801 C/T rs886289 30 Intron 5 802 A/G rs886290 31 Intron 6 87 A/G rs886291 32 Intron 6 4205 G/A rs2237975 33 Intron 6 5519 A/C rs2237976 34 Intron 6 5575 G/C rs2237977 35 Intron 6 6587 C/T rs2073585 36 Intron 6 6747 C/T rs2073586 37 Intron 7 348 A/C rs2057661 38 Intron 8 28 G/A rs1800850 39 Intron 8 4015 T/G rs886292 40 Intron 9 191 A/G rs2073587 41 Intron 10 1963 T/G rs2283261 42 Intron 10 2047 T/C rs886293 43 Intron 10 2724 A/G rs2237979 44 Intron 10 2938 G/C rs2237980 45 Intron 10 3094 T/del 46 Intron 10 3368 A/G rs2237981 47 Intron 10 8897 C/T 48 Intron 11 308 G/A 49 Intron 11 1171 G/A rs2074308 50 Exon 12 7 G/A(Val560Met) 51 Exon 12 15 C/T(His562His) rs1799857 52 Intron 12 356 G/T 53 Intron 12 934 G/T 54 Intron 12 1370 C/G rs2283262 55 Exon 14 25 G/A(Lys649Lys) rs1799858 56 Intron 15 412 C/T 57 Intron 15 688 A/G 58 Intron 15 709 C/Tc rs1799854 59 Intron 16 4464 G/A rs2237988 60 Intron 16 4574 T/C 61 Intron 16 5011 C/T rs2299638 62 Intron 16 6138 A/T rs929235 63 Intron 16 7608 C/G rs2299641 64 Intron 16 7730 G/A rs2299642 65 Intron 16 7818 C/G rs916828 66 Intron 16 8369 T/C rs2237991 67 Intron 16 9708 T/G rs2074315 68 Intron 17 651 A/G rs2234773 69 Intron 17 692 A/G 70 Intron 17 1541 C/T 2g. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 71 Intron 18 580 C/T 72 Intron 18 658 C/Tb 73 Intron 18 660 T/Cb 74 Intron 19 93 T/C 75 Intron 19 123 T/C 76 Intron 19 219 C/T 77 Intron 19 845 C/T rs2074309 78 Intron 20 338 A/G rs2355017 79 Exon 21 10 C/T(Leu829Leu) 80 Intron 21 192 C/del 81 Intron 23 17 A/G rs2106865 82 Intron 23 67 C/T 83 Intron 23 581 T/C rs1319447 84 Intron 26 268 G/C rs2077654 85 Intron 26 308 C/T rs2077655 86 Intron 26 348 A/G rs2077144 87 Intron 26 613 A/G rs739688 88 Intron 26 807 G/A 89 Intron 26 834 G/C rs2073583 90 Intron 28 (118-121) AAAA/del 91 Intron 28 1348 G/A rs2067043 92 Intron 29 1253 G/T 93 Intron 29 1589 A/G 94 Intron 29 2322 G/A rs2074310 95 Intron 29 2348 T/C rs2074311 96 Intron 29 2418 C/T rs2074312 97 Intron 29 2494 C/A 98 Intron 29 2735 C/T 99 Intron 30 386 C/T 100 Exon 31 66 G/A(Arg1273Arg)c rs1799859 101 Exon 33 117 T/G(Ser1369Ala) rs757110 102 Intron 33 93 G/T 103 Intron 33 358 C/T 104 Intron 33 446 T/C rs757111 105 Intron 33 959 T/Cd rs759689 106 Intron 38 54 G/C 107 Intron 38 466 C/del 108 Intron 38 529 A/G ABCC8, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member8 b SNPs previously reported by Nestorowicz et al. (1998) c SNPs previously reported by Inoue et al. (1996) d SNP previously reported by Goksel et al. (1998) Table 2h. Summary of genetic variations detected in the ABCC9 gene No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 1 Intron 2 -321 T/C rs870134 2 Intron 2 -266 A/G rs870135 3 Intron 3 38 C/A 4 Intron 3 305 T/A rs2176394 5 Intron 3 320 A/G 6 Intron 3 631 G/C 7 Intron 3 8644 A/G 8 Intron 4 757 A/C 9 Intron 4 1022 A/C 10 Intron 5 -1217 A/G 11 Intron 5 -1208 A/G rs1344569 12 Intron 5 -180 A/G rs1517276 13 Intron 6 (100-106) (T)8-9 14 Intron 6 1347 A/del 15 Intron 6 1618 G/A rs2418021 16 Intron 6 1835 C/Tb 17 Intron 7 407 T/G 18 Intron 7 423 C/T 19 Intron 8 743 A/T 20 Intron 8 850 T/G 2h. Continued No. Location Positiona Genetic variation NCBI SNP ID 21 Intron 8 1360 C/T rs1421602 22 Intron 9 585 A/T 23 Intron 9 1394 G/C 24 Intron 11 1035 A/G rs704217 25 Intron 12 908 T/C rs704215 26 Intron 12 1113 T/C rs1914361 27 Intron 12 1167 G/A rs2292771 28 Intron 12 1195 A/G rs2292772 29 Intron 12 2123 G/A 30 Intron 12 2622 G/A rs704212 31 Intron 12 (2653-2656) TAAC/del 32 Intron 12 2756 G/A rs2032775 33 Intron 13 (3043-3044) CTCTTT/ins or CT/ins 34 Intron 13 4877 A/C rs1283802 35 Intron 13 4887 A/G rs1356368 36 Intron 14 85 T/A 37 Intron 14 275 T/C 38 Intron 14 453 T/C 39 Intron 14 3709 G/A 40 Intron 14 3813 C/T 41 Intron 14 4000 A/del 42 Intron 14 5522 T/A rs1492138 43 Intron 14 5535 T/G rs704205 44 Intron 16 1466 A/C 45 Intron 16 5357 T/G 46 Intron 16 7395 A/G rs697252 47 Intron 16 7407 C/T rs768314 48 Intron 17 970 A/T rs704194 49 Intron 17 (1358-1368) (T)10-11 50 Intron 18 119 C/T rs704193 51 Intron 18 773 T/C rs704192 52 Intron 18 865 A/G rs704191 53 Intron 20 98 G/A 54 Intron 20 173 C/T rs704189 55 Intron 22 28 A/C rs2307024 56 Intron 22 194 G/del 57 Intron 22 1370 C/T 58 Intron 22 1487 C/G 59 Intron 22 3148 T/G rs1283822 60 Intron 23 (455-462) AATTAGAA/del 61 Intron 23 1221 A/G rs829080 62 Intron 23 1976 C/A rs829079 63 Intron 24 (460-465) TTTAAAA/TTTTAA 64 Intron 24 595 A/G rs2307025 65 Intron 26 -150 T/G rs1643235 66 Intron 27 1628 C/T rs704179 67 Intron 27 1770 C/G rs704178 68 Intron 27 1976 A/T rs704177 69 Intron 28 -926 G/A rs2112080 70 Intron 29 667 T/C rs1283811 71 Intron 29 1072 A/C rs1283810 72 Intron 29 2692 T/del 73 Intron 29 2959 T/C rs1873638 74 Intron 29 5464 G/A 75 Intron 29 -1830 A/T 76 Intron 31 102 G/A rs2638441 77 Intron 33 877 A/G 78 Intron 33 1069 T/C rs2216525 79 Intron 36 (1270-1281) (T)11-12 80 Intron 37 533 C/G rs829060 81 3ЈFlanking 197 T/G ABCC9, ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member9 b SNP previously reported by Iwasa et al. (2001) 3. Login to comment
75 Novel SNPs detected in exons in seven ABCC genes Region Gene Location Position SNP 5ЈUTR ABCC4 Exon 1 67 C/T Coding Nonsynonymous ABCC1 Exon 18 53 G/A(Arg723Gln) ABCC2 Exon 28 52 A/C(Lys1299Gln) ABCC4 Exon 4 205 T/G(Cys171Gly) Exon 18 56 G/A(Glu757Lys) CFTR Exon 27 115 C/T(Arg1453Trp) ABCC8 Exon 12 7 G/A(Val560Met) Synonymous ABCC1 Exon 25 60 G/A(Pro1150Pro) ABCC2 Exon 22 51 G/A(Ser978Ser) Exon 28 84 C/T(Tyr1309Tyr) Exon 28 129 C/T(Ile1324Ile) ABCC3 Exon 22 180 C/T(Gly1013Gly) ABCC5 Exon 25 120 C/T(Leu1208Leu) ABCC8 Exon 21 10 C/T(Leu829Leu) 3ЈUTR ABCC1 Exon 32 652 C/T ABCC4 Exon 31 146 G/T ABCC5 Exon 30 684 G/A Exon 30 947 C/T 7. Login to comment

[hide] A combined analysis of the cystic fibrosis transme... Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Sep;18(9):1771-88. Chen JM, Cutler C, Jacques C, Boeuf G, Denamur E, Lecointre G, Mercier B, Cramb G, Ferec C
A combined analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: implications for structure and disease models.
Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Sep;18(9):1771-88., [PMID:11504857]

Abstract [show]
Over the past decade, nearly 1,000 variants have been identified in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in classic and atypical cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide, and an enormous wealth of information concerning the structure and function of the protein has also been accumulated. These data, if evaluated together in a sequence comparison of all currently available CFTR homologs, are likely to refine the global structure-function relationship of the protein, which will, in turn, facilitate interpretation of the identified mutations in the gene. Based on such a combined analysis, we had recently defined a "functional R domain" of the CFTR protein. First, presenting two full-length cDNA sequences (termed sCFTR-I and sCFTR-II) from the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and an additional partial coding sequence from the eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), this study went further to refine the boundaries of the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and the COOH-terminal tail (C-tail), wherein NBD1 was defined as going from P439 to G646, NBD2 as going from A1225 to E1417, and the C-tail as going from E1418 to L1480. This approach also provided further insights into the differential roles of the two halves of CFTR and highlighted several well-conserved motifs that may be involved in inter- or intramolecular interactions. Moreover, a serious concern that a certain fraction of missense mutations identified in the CFTR gene may not have functional consequences was raised. Finally, phylogenetic analysis of all the full-length CFTR amino acid sequences and an extended set of exon 13--coding nucleotide sequences reinforced the idea that the rabbit may represent a better CF model than the mouse and strengthened the assertion that a long-branch attraction artifact separates the murine rodents from the rabbit and the guinea pig, the other Glires.

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544 Consistent with this hypothesis, none of the three missense mutations identified in this region (fig. 2) can be confidently assigned as causal for CF disease; for example, R1422W was identified in a CF patient who also carried the mutations F508del and D993Y, and R1453W was identified in a patient with diffuse panbronchiolitis (http://www.genet.sickkids.on. ca/cftr). Login to comment

[hide] A haplotype-based molecular analysis of CFTR mutat... Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Sep 15;12(18):2321-32. Lee JH, Choi JH, Namkung W, Hanrahan JW, Chang J, Song SY, Park SW, Kim DS, Yoon JH, Suh Y, Jang IJ, Nam JH, Kim SJ, Cho MO, Lee JE, Kim KH, Lee MG
A haplotype-based molecular analysis of CFTR mutations associated with respiratory and pancreatic diseases.
Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Sep 15;12(18):2321-32., 2003-09-15 [PMID:12952861]

Abstract [show]
Aberrant membrane transport caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is associated with a wide spectrum of respiratory and digestive diseases as well as cystic fibrosis. Using a gene scanning method, we found 11 polymorphisms and mutations of the CFTR gene in the Korean population. Individual variants at these sites were analyzed by conventional DNA screening in 117 control and 75 patients having bronchiectasis or chronic pancreatitis. In a haplotype determination based on a Bayesian algorithm, 15 haplotypes were assembled in the 192 individuals tested. Several haplotypes, especially with Q1352H, IVS8 T5, and E217G, were found to have disease associations in a case-control study. Notably, a common polymorphism of M470V appears to affect the intensity of the disease association. Among the two haplotypes having IVS8 T5, the T5-V470 haplotype showed higher disease association than the T5-M470 haplotype. In addition, a Q1352H mutation found in a V470 background showed the strongest disease association. The physiological significances of the identified mutations were rigorously analyzed. Non-synonymous E217G and Q1352H mutations in the M470 background caused a 60-80% reduction in CFTR-dependent Cl(-) currents and HCO3(-) -transport activities. Surprisingly, the additional M470V polymorphic variant with the Q1352H mutation completely abolished CFTR-dependent anion transport activities. These findings provide the first evidence on the importance of CFTR mutations in the Asian population. Importantly, the results also reveal that interactions between multiple genetic variants in cis affect the final function of the gene products.

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74 CFTR genetic variants analyzed in this study Variations found by TDGS Most common worldwide disease-causing mutations Reported disease-associated microsatellite À8G/C (50 UTR)a R117H (exon 4) T5-7,9 (IVS 8) (16) I125T (exon 4)b 621 þ 1G > T (intron 4) E217G (exon 6a)b F508del (exon 10) 1059C > T (exon 7, A309)a 1717-1G > A (intron 10) M470V (exon 10)b G542X (exon 11) I556V (exon 11)b G551D (exon 11) 2694T/G (exon 14a, T854)b R553X (exon 11) Q1352H (exon 22)b R1162X (exon 19) R1453W (exon 24)b W1282X (exon 20) N1303K (exon 21) Mutation names and nucleotide numbers are presented according to the Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium (CFGAC; www.genet.sickkids.on.ca/). Login to comment
107 Frequency of CFTR gene variants in the Korean population Variation Genotype Group (number) Healthy control (n ¼ 117) Bronchiectasis (n ¼ 47) Pancreatitis (n ¼ 28) Diallelic -8G/C þ/þ 105 44 22 þ/Àa 12 3 6 R117H þ/þ 116 47 28 þ/À 1 0 0 I125T þ/þ 116 46 27 þ/À 1 1 1 E217G þ/þ 114 43 27 þ/À 3 4b 1 1059C > T þ/þ 117 47 27 (A309) þ/À 0 0 1 M470V þ/þ 23 3 6 þ/À 52 28 14 À/À 42 16 8 I556V þ/þ 111 45 28 þ/À 6 2 0 2694T/G þ/þ 41 16 8 (T854) þ/À 51 27 14 À/À 25 4 6 Q1352H þ/þ 116 43 24 þ/À 1 4* 4** R1453W þ/þ 115 46 28 þ/À 2 1 0 Microsatellite T5-7,9 5/7 4 6* 2 (IVS 8) 6/7 0 1 0 7/7 110 39*c 26 7/9 3 1 0 Differences between control and disease groups were analyzed by a chi-square test. When an expected cell value was less than 5, Fisher`s exact test was used. Login to comment
114 Haplotype assembly Allele ID -8G/C R117H I125T E217G 1059C/T T5-7,9 M470V I556V 2694T/G Q1352H R1453W Group a M470V-2694T/G background Control, n (%) Bronchiectasis, n (%) Pancreatitis, n (%) 1 G R I E C WTb V I T Q R 121 (51.7) 47 (50.0) 24 (42.9) 2-1 2 G R I E C WT M I G Q R 78 (33.3) 25 (26.6) 18 (32.1) 1-2 3 C R I E C WT M I G Q R 11 (4.7) 3 (3.2) 5 (8.9) 1-2 4 G R I E C WT V I T H R 1 (0.4) 4 (4.3)* 4 (7.1)** 2-1 5 G R I E C 5 V I T Q R 2 (0.9) 5 (5.4)* 1 (1.8) 2-1 6 G R I G C WT M I G Q R 3 (1.3) 4 (4.3)c 1 (1.8) 1-2 7 G R I E C WT V V T Q R 5 (2.1) 2 (2.2) 0 (0.0) 2-1 8 G R I E C WT V I G Q R 4 (1.7) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 2-2 9 G R I E C 5 M I G Q R 2 (0.9) 1 (1.0) 1 (1.8) 1-2 10 G R I E C WT M I G Q W 2 (0.9) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 1-2 11 G R T E C WT V I T Q R 1 (0.4) 1 (1.0) 1 (1.8) 2-1 12 G R I E C WT M I T Q R 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1-1 13 C R I E C WT V I G Q R 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2-2 14 G H I E C WT V V T Q R 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2-1 15 C R I E T WT M I G Q R 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.8) 1-2 Total 234 (100.0) 94 (100.0) 56 (100.0) Haplotypes were assembled using a software based on the Bayesian algorithm (Haplotyper) (7). Login to comment
129 Among them, Q1352H showed the largest decrease (by 71%) and R1453W showed the smallest decrease (by 37%) in whole cell ClÀ currents (Fig. 3C). Login to comment
134 Compared with WT, Po was significantly reduced in I556V (by 34%), Q1352H (by 55%), and R1453W (by 78%). Login to comment
137 Therefore, it was concluded that the decreased current density in the whole cell ClÀ current of E217G (Fig. 3C) was due to the decreased membrane expression, and those of I556V and R1453W were due to the decreased Po. Login to comment
176 Characteristics of CFTR mutants selected for functional studies Name Nucleotide change Exon Domain Evolutionary conservationa Possible disease associationb E217G 782A >G 6a EC2 b, h, r CF with pancreatic sufficiency (Polish), Panbronchiolitis (Japanese) I556V 1798A >G 11 NBD1 All seven species Chronic bronchitis (French) Q1352H 4188G > C 22 NBD2 All seven species CBAVD (Japanese), Panbronchiolitis (Japanese) R1453W 4489C > T 24 IC10 b, h, m, r, s Panbronchiolitis (Japanese) a Evolutionary conservations are compared in CFTR genes of bovine (b), dogfish (d), human (h), mouse (m), rabbit (r), sheep (s), and xenopus (x). Login to comment
259 The mutagenic primers were as follows: E217G, 50 -CTC CTC ATG GGG CTA ATC TGG GGG TTG TTA CAG GCG TCT G-30 M470V, 50 -CTG GAG CAG GCA AGA CTT CAC TTC TAA TGG TGA TTA TGG GAG-30 ; I556V, 50 -AGT GGA GGT CAA CGA GCA AGA GTT TCT TTA GCA AGG TGA AT-30 ; Q1352H, 50 -CCT AAG CCA TGG CCA CAA GCA CTT GAT GTG CTT GGC TAG-30 ; R1453W, 50 -GTG AAG CTC TTT CCC CAC TGG AAC TCA AGC AAG TGC AAG TCT-30 . Login to comment

[hide] Genetic evidence for CFTR dysfunction in Japanese:... J Med Genet. 2004 May;41(5):e55. Fujiki K, Ishiguro H, Ko SB, Mizuno N, Suzuki Y, Takemura T, Yamamoto A, Yoshikawa T, Kitagawa M, Hayakawa T, Sakai Y, Takayama T, Saito M, Kondo T, Naruse S
Genetic evidence for CFTR dysfunction in Japanese: background for chronic pancreatitis.
J Med Genet. 2004 May;41(5):e55., [PMID:15121783]

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136 For example, polythymidine (poly-T) and TG dinucleotide repeats, (TG)n, at the junction of intron 8 and exon 9 influence transcription and thereby reduce the amount of normal CFTR protein.19 20 The M/V polymorphism at position 470 affects the function of the CFTR protein.20 In order to understand the genetic background for CFTR dysfunction in chronic pancreatitis in Japanese, we first analysed patients with chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals for 20 CF mutations that are common in whites, along with 9 CF causing and 2 other non-CF causing (Q1352H and R1453W) mutations commonly found in Japanese. Login to comment
210 N These genetic backgrounds, together with a high association of Q1352H (12.3% in chronic pancreatitis patients v 3.7% in controls) or R1453W (6.2% v 3.1%), may explain the association of CFTR dysfunction and chronic pancreatitis in Japan where CF is very rare. Login to comment
219 The nine CF causing (R75X, Q98R, M152R, R347H, L441P, L571S, D979A, H1085R, and T1086I) and two non-CF causing (Q1352H and R1453W) mutations in Japanese6 22-24 were screened by SNP typing with a Masscode system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and confirmed by sequence analysis in positive and equivocal cases. Login to comment
224 However, Q1352H and R1453W, both of which were originally identified in Japanese patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis,6 were found in one allele of both control and patients. Q1352H was found in eight patients with chronic pancreatitis (six alcoholic and two idiopathic); the frequency of Q1352H in chronic pancreatitis (12.3%) was significantly (p = 0.015) higher than that of controls (3.7%; 6 in 162 subjects). Login to comment
225 R1453W was present in five controls (3.1%) and four patients (6.2%) with chronic pancreatitis (two alcoholic and two idiopathic) but their frequencies were not significantly (p = 0.281) different. Login to comment
226 One patient with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis was homozygous for R1453W. Login to comment
248 Association of 5T, Q1352H, and R1453W with genotypes of (TG)m/n-M470V Fig 3 summarises the frequency distribution of normal subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis based on the genotypes of the TG repeats and M470V. Login to comment
250 R1453W was found in five normal subjects with (TG)11/11-V/V470 (n = 3), (TG)11/12-M/V470 (n = 1), and (TG)12/12-M/M470 (n = 1), and four patients with (TG)11/11-V/V470 (two alcoholic and two idiopathic). Login to comment
254 Glutamine at 1352 is located in the second nucleotide binding fold of CFTR,1 and its change to histidine (Q1352H) causes reduction in both protein expression and channel activity of CFTR.25 This mutation has been found in Japanese patients with CBAVD (25%), and in Korean patients with chronic pancreatitis (14.3%) and bronchiectasis (11.8%).25 The other mutation, R1463W, affects channel activity but its overall effect on CFTR function appears to be mild.25 One patient homozygous for R1453W showed no clinical manifestations other than idiopathic pancreatitis. Login to comment
293 R1453W may not cause CF related disease by itself but its association in the V/V genotype may reduce the total CFTR function to less than 50%. Login to comment
301 Association of other mutations, such as Q1352H and R1453W, may further reduce CFTR function. Login to comment

[hide] Do CFTR gene polymorphisms determine the susceptib... Intern Med. 2004 Dec;43(12):1093-4. Naruse S
Do CFTR gene polymorphisms determine the susceptibility to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis?
Intern Med. 2004 Dec;43(12):1093-4., [PMID:15645635]

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21 Third, some polymorphisms common in Japanese (Q1352H and R1453W) are often associated with idiopathic pancreatitis with the (TG)11/11 genotype (7), which probably result in a considerable loss of CFTR function (5). Login to comment

[hide] Identification of CFTR, PRSS1, and SPINK1 mutation... Pancreas. 2006 Oct;33(3):221-7. Keiles S, Kammesheidt A
Identification of CFTR, PRSS1, and SPINK1 mutations in 381 patients with pancreatitis.
Pancreas. 2006 Oct;33(3):221-7., [PMID:17003641]

Abstract [show]
OBJECTIVES: Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disorder leading to irreversible exocrine and/or endocrine impairment. It is well documented that mutations in the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene can cause hereditary pancreatitis. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) genes are also associated with pancreatitis. METHODS: We analyzed 381 patients with a primary diagnosis of chronic or recurrent pancreatitis using the Ambry Test: Pancreatitis to obtain comprehensive genetic information for the CFTR, SPINK1, and PRSS1 genes. RESULTS: The results identified 32% (122/381) of patients with 166 mutant CFTR alleles, including 12 novel CFTR variants: 4375-20 A>G, F575Y, K598E, L1260P, G194R, F834L, S573C, 2789 + 17 C>T, 621+83 A>G, T164S, 621+25 A>G, and 3500-19 G>A. Of 122 patients with CFTR mutations, 5.5% (21/381) also carried a SPINK1 mutation, and 1.8% (7/381) carried a PRSS1 mutation. In addition, 8.9% (34/381) of all patients had 1 of 11 different SPINK1 mutations. Another 6.3% (24/381) of the patients had 1 of 8 different PRSS1 mutations. Moreover, 1.3% of the patients (5/381) had 1 PRSS1 and 1 SPINK1 mutation. A total 49% (185/381) of the patients carried one or more mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive testing of the CFTR, PRSS1, and SPINK1 genes identified genetic variants in nearly half of all subjects considered by their physicians as candidates for genetic testing. Comprehensive test identified numerous novel variants that would not be identified by standard clinical screening panels.

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71 Patients With 1 CFTR Mutation CFTR Mutation 1 No. of Patients 1717-1 G9A 1 2789+5 G9A 1 3849+10kb C9T 2 3849+45 G9A 1 621+3 A9G 2 A1364V 1 A349V 1 A455E 1 D1152H 1 D1445N 1 deltaF508 16 E217G 1 F1286C 1 F316L 1 G542X 1 G551D 1 I148T 1 I807M 1 L206W 1 L967S 2 L997F 2 P55S 1 Q179K 1 Q220X 1 R117H 3 R1453W 1 R297Q 1 R31C 1 R668C 2 S1235R 1 S573C 1 S945L 1 V562A 1 V754M 2 Y1092X 1 Total patients 58 MutationsinboldfacewouldnothavebeendetectedbytheACOG/ACMGmutationpanel. Login to comment

[hide] Is genetic analysis helpful for diagnosing chronic... J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;42 Suppl 17:60-5. Naruse S, Fujiki K, Ishiguro H
Is genetic analysis helpful for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis in its early stage?
J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;42 Suppl 17:60-5., [PMID:17238030]

Abstract [show]
Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in its early stage is an extremely difficult task. If the genetic predispositions are identified, it may help make possible the earlier diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis or the detection of patients at risk. There are two major hypotheses about the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis known as the "necrosis-fibrosis" and "pancreatic stone protein" hypotheses. Recent molecular and genetic evidence suggests that both pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis may be caused by either increased proteolytic activity [the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene] or decreased protease inhibition (the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene]. The impaired pancreatic duct function [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene] may also be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Except for PRSS1 mutations, the known genetic risk for chronic pancreatitis is not high. The high individual variability and low incidence of chronic pancreatitis suggest that yet unidentified genetic and environmental factors are important. Further genetic analysis is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis, which may be helpful for the earlier diagnosis of the juvenile- or young-onset disease.

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43 In an initial screening study, common CF-causing mutations were not identified in either patients with chronic pancreatitis or control subjects.28 However, non-CF causing mutations (Q1352H and R1453W) are highly associated with chronic pancreatitis. Login to comment
58 His genetic analysis revealed the R1453W mutation in the CFTR gene but none in the PSTI gene. Login to comment

[hide] A novel computational and structural analysis of n... Genomic Med. 2008 Jan;2(1-2):23-32. Epub 2008 May 14. George Priya Doss C, Rajasekaran R, Sudandiradoss C, Ramanathan K, Purohit R, Sethumadhavan R
A novel computational and structural analysis of nsSNPs in CFTR gene.
Genomic Med. 2008 Jan;2(1-2):23-32. Epub 2008 May 14., [PMID:18716917]

Abstract [show]
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are being intensively studied to understand the biological basis of complex traits and diseases. The Genetics of human phenotype variation could be understood by knowing the functions of SNPs. In this study using computational methods, we analyzed the genetic variations that can alter the expression and function of the CFTR gene responsible candidate for causing cystic fibrosis. We applied an evolutionary perspective to screen the SNPs using a sequence homology-based SIFT tool, which suggested that 17 nsSNPs (44%) were found to be deleterious. The structure-based approach PolyPhen server suggested that 26 nsSNPS (66%) may disrupt protein function and structure. The PupaSuite tool predicted the phenotypic effect of SNPs on the structure and function of the affected protein. Structure analysis was carried out with the major mutation that occurred in the native protein coded by CFTR gene, and which is at amino acid position F508C for nsSNP with id (rs1800093). The amino acid residues in the native and mutant modeled protein were further analyzed for solvent accessibility, secondary structure and stabilizing residues to check the stability of the proteins. The SNPs were further subjected to iHAP analysis to identify htSNPs, and we report potential candidates for future studies on CFTR mutations.

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125 The nsSNPs which were predicted to be Table 1 List of nsSNPs that were predicted to be deleterious by SIFT and PolyPhen SNPs ID Alleles AA change Tolerance index PSIC rs1800072 G/A V11C 1.00 0.150 rs1800073 C/T R31C 0.18 2.288 rs1800074 A/T D44V 0.01 2.532 rs1800076 G/A R75Q 0.03 1.754 rs1800078 T/C L138P 0.01 2.192 rs35516286 T/C I148T 0.41 1.743 rs1800079 G/A R170H 0.05 1.968 rs1800080 A/G S182G 0.03 1.699 rs1800086 C/G T351S 0.30 1.600 rs1800087 A/C Q353H 0.03 2.093 rs4727853 C/A N417K 1.00 0.015 rs11531593 C/A F433L 0.65 0.694 rs1800089 C/T L467F 0.15 1.568 rs213950 G/A V470M 0.17 1.432 rs1800092 C/A/G I506M 0.00 1.574 rs1801178 A/G I507V 0.38 0.314 rs1800093 T/G F508C 0.00 3.031 rs35032490 A/G K532E 1.00 1.525 rs1800097 G/A V562I 0.13 0.345 rs41290377 G/C G576A 0.33 1.262 rs766874 C/T S605F 0.03 2.147 rs1800099 A/G S654G 0.03 1.611 rs1800100 C/T R668C 0.01 2.654 rs1800101 T/C F693L 0.61 0.895 rs1800103 A/G I807M 0.01 1.554 rs1800106 T/C Y903H 0.52 0.183 rs1800107 G/T S909I 0.10 1.624 rs1800110 T/C L967S 0.07 1.683 rs1800111 G/C L997F 0.24 1.000 rs1800112 T/C I1027T 0.03 1.860 rs1800114 C/T A1067V 0.04 1.542 rs36210737 T/A M1101K 0.05 2.637 rs35813506 G/A R1102K 0.52 1.589 rs1800120 G/T R1162L 0.00 2.038 rs1800123 C/T T1220I 0.22 0.059 rs34911792 T/G S1235R 0.45 1.483 rs11971167 G/A D1270N 0.12 1.739 rs4148725 C/T R1453W 0.00 2.513 Highly deleterious by SIFT and damaging by PolyPhen are indicated as bold deleterious in causing an effect in the structure and function of the protein by SIFT, PolyPhen and Pupasuite correlated well with experimental studies (Tsui 1992; Ghanem et al. 1994; Bienvenu et al. 1998) (Table 3). Login to comment

[hide] Impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductanc... J Int Med Res. 2009 Mar-Apr;37(2):378-84. Aoyagi H, Okada T, Hasatani K, Mibayashi H, Hayashi Y, Tsuji S, Kaneko Y, Yamagishi M
Impact of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation on the occurrence of chronic pancreatitis in Japanese patients.
J Int Med Res. 2009 Mar-Apr;37(2):378-84., [PMID:19383231]

Abstract [show]
DNA analyses of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in Japanese patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP) were performed to determine the relationship between the CFTR mutation and ICP. The study included patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (n = 20), patients with ICP (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (controls; n = 110). The poly-T region in intron 8 of the CFTR gene was analysed by direct sequencing. The CFTR coding region was screened using single-strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing. In the controls, frequencies of the 5T genotype and 5T allele were 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. The frequency of the 5T genotype was significantly higher in the ICP group (20%) versus controls, but was not significantly different in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis patients (5%). Thus, the CFTR gene mutation, especially the 5T genotype, appears to have some relationship to ICP prevalence in Japanese patients independent of cystic fibrosis.

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30 When the CFTR coding regions of patients with ICP were screened, a mis-sense mutation was detected in one allele in one patient: a C-to-T substitution at position 4353 of the cDNA, which led to one amino acid substitution of arginine to tryptophan at codon 1453 (Arg1453Trp) (Fig. 2). Login to comment
40 FIGURE 2: A mis-sense mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was detected in one allele in one patient: a C-to-T substitution at position 4353 of the cDNA, which led to one amino acid substitution of arginine to tryptophan at codon 1453 (Arg1453Trp) Pro His Arg Asn Control Pro His Trp Asn Pro His Arg Asn Patient than observed in healthy controls. Login to comment
46 Although it has been reported that 19% of patients with a presumed diagnosis of ICP have mutations in the cationic trypsinogen-encoding gene, PRSS1,15 hereditary pancreatitis differs from ICP in that it leads to pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a cumulative risk approaching 40%.16 A mis-sense mutation, Arg1453Trp, in the CFTR gene was found in one patient with IPC in the present study. Login to comment
48 In conclusion, mutation in the CFTR gene, especially the 5T genotype, appears to be FIGURE 3: The mis-sense mutation, Arg1453Trp, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was confirmed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Login to comment

[hide] Naturally occurring mutations in the canine CFTR g... Physiol Genomics. 2010 Aug;42(3):480-5. Epub 2010 Jun 22. Spadafora D, Hawkins EC, Murphy KE, Clark LA, Ballard ST
Naturally occurring mutations in the canine CFTR gene.
Physiol Genomics. 2010 Aug;42(3):480-5. Epub 2010 Jun 22., [PMID:20571109]

Abstract [show]
Naturally occurring cystic fibrosis (CF)-causing mutations in the CFTR gene have not been identified in any nonhuman animal species. Since domestic dogs are known to develop medical conditions associated with atypical CF in humans (e.g., bronchiectasis and pancreatitis), we hypothesized that dogs with these disorders likely have a higher expression rate of CFTR mutations than the at-large population. Temporal temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) was used to screen canine CFTR in 400 animals: 203 dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis, 23 dogs diagnosed with bronchiectasis, and 174 dogs admitted to clinics for any illness (at-large dogs). Twenty-eight dogs were identified with one of four CFTR missense mutations. P1281T and P1464H mutations occur in relatively unconserved residues. R1456W is analogous to the human R1453W mutation, which has approximately 20% of normal CFTR function and is associated with pancreatitis and panbronchiolitis. R812W disrupts a highly conserved protein kinase A recognition site within the regulatory domain. We conclude that naturally occurring CFTR mutations are relatively common in domestic dogs and can be detected with TTGE. No substantive differences in mutation frequency were observed between the at-large, pancreatitis, and bronchiectasis dogs.

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13 R1456W is analogous to the human R1453W mutation, which has ϳ20% of normal CFTR function and is associated with pancreatitis and panbronchiolitis. Login to comment
99 P1281T was present in exon 23, and two mutations, R1453W and P1464H, were present in exon 27. Login to comment
127 One of the canine mutations that was discovered, R1456W, has a human analog, R1453W, that is associated with disease. Login to comment
130 One human patient that was homozygous for the R1453W mutation was diagnosed with pancreatitis (8). Login to comment
131 Another patient, who was compound heterozygous for the R1453W and 5T splice variant of the polyT region of CFTR, was diagnosed with panbronchiolitis (7). Login to comment
133 The human R1453W CFTR mutant has a normal unitary conductance, but the open probability (Po) of the channel is only ϳ20% of normal (12). Login to comment
12 R1456W is analogous to the human R1453W mutation, which has ϳ20% of normal CFTR function and is associated with pancreatitis and panbronchiolitis. Login to comment
98 P1281T was present in exon 23, and two mutations, R1453W and P1464H, were present in exon 27. Login to comment
126 One of the canine mutations that was discovered, R1456W, has a human analog, R1453W, that is associated with disease. Login to comment
129 One human patient that was homozygous for the R1453W mutation was diagnosed with pancreatitis (8). Login to comment
132 The human R1453W CFTR mutant has a normal unitary conductance, but the open probability (Po) of the channel is only ϳ20% of normal (12). Login to comment

[hide] Association between cystic fibrosis transmembrane ... Yonsei Med J. 2010 Nov;51(6):912-7. Kim KW, Lee JH, Lee MG, Kim KH, Sohn MH, Kim KE
Association between cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations and susceptibility for childhood asthma in Korea.
Yonsei Med J. 2010 Nov;51(6):912-7., [PMID:20879059]

Abstract [show]
PURPOSE: Classic cystic fibrosis is now known part of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related disorders. These include a wide spectrum, from multi-system disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, to mono-symptomatic conditions, such as chronic pancreatitis or congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. However, respiratory disease is considered typical for the multi system disorder, cystic fibrosis, and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of CFTR gene mutations in Korean children with asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 14 mutations identified in Korea and each of the 48 children with and without asthma were genotyped for the case-control study. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in genotype and allele frequencies of the 9 polymorphisms observed between the non-asthma and asthma groups. In a haplotype determination based on a Bayesian algorithm, 8 haplotypes were assembled in the 98 individuals tested. However, we also did not find any significant differences in haplotype frequencies between the non-asthma and asthma groups. CONCLUSION: We have concluded that this study did not show any evidence in support of providing that CFTR genetic variations significantly contribute to the susceptibility of asthma in Korean children.

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53 CFTR Genetic Variations Analyzed in This Study Name Nucleotide change Exon Consequence Reference - 8G / C G to C at 125 5` UTR sequence variation 9 Q98R A to G at 425 Exon 4 Gln to Arg at 98 8 I125T T to C at 506 Exon 4 Ile to Thr at 125 9 E217G A to G at 782 Exon 6a Glu to Gly at 217 9 Q220X C to T at 790 Exon 6a Gln to Stop at 220 7, 8 A309A C or G at 1059 Exon 7 Sequence variation 9 TG repeat TG10-13 IVS 8 Splicing 9 T repeat T5-9 IVS 8 Splicing 9 M470V A or G at 1540 Exon 10 Met to Val at 470 9 I556V A to G at 1798 Exon 11 Ile to Val at 556 9 T854T T to G at 2694 Exon 14a Sequence variation 9 Q1291X C to T at 4003 Exon 20 Gln to Stop at 1291 9 Q1352H G to C at 4188 Exon 22 Gln to His at 1352 9 R1453W C to T at 4489 Exon 24 Arg to Trp at 1453 9 CFTR,cysticfibrosistransmembraneconductanceregulator. Login to comment
69 Frequency of CFTR Genetic Variations in Non-Asthma and Asthma Group Variants Non-asthma (n) Asthma (n) p value* - 8G / C G / G 39 37 0.466 G / C 8 11 C / C 1 0 E217G A / A 48 46 0.247 A / G 0 2 M470V A / A 8 10 0.858 A / G 25 23 G / G 15 15 I556V A / A 42 45 0.276 A / G 4 3 T854T T / T 15 16 0.639 T / G 26 22 G / G 7 10 Q1352H G / G 46 46 0.383 G / C 2 2 R1453W C / C 47 46 0.500 C / T 0 1 Microsatellite TG repeat (IVS 8)� W / W� 10 12 0.119 W / M 27 18 M / M 10 18 T repeat (IVS 8) 5 / 7 2 1 0.141 6 / 7 0 1 7 / 7 44 42 7 / 9 1 4 CFTR,cysticfibrosistransmembraneconductanceregulator. Login to comment

[hide] Chronic pancreatitis in India and Asia. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2012 Apr;14(2):118-24. Garg PK
Chronic pancreatitis in India and Asia.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2012 Apr;14(2):118-24., [PMID:22327961]

Abstract [show]
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is widely prevalent in Asian countries much more so in India and Japan. The phenotype of CP is somewhat similar to that reported from western countries. The prevalent types of CP are mainly idiopathic and alcohol related. Current evidence suggests that the term "tropical pancreatitis" used for idiopathic CP from India is a misnomer. Gallstones' association with CP reported from China remains controversial. There has been ample evidence that mutations in the SPNIK1 and CFTR genes are strongly associated with idiopathic CP in patients from different ethnic backgrounds. Oxidative stress is important in the pathophysiology and antioxidants have been shown to result in significant pain relief with CP. Home-made balanced diet is effective for treating malnutrition in patients with CP. Endoscopic therapy combined with ESWL may provide significant relief in patients with pancreatic ductal calculi/stricture. Surgery is quite effective in CP and may be better than endotherapy.

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107 In an earlier Japanese study of 65 patients with CP, a high association of Q1352H (12.3% vs. 3.7% in controls) and R1453W (6.2% vs. 3.1%) mutations in the CFTR gene were found although CF is reportedly rare in Japan [39]. Login to comment
108 In an earlier Japanese study of 65 patients with CP, a high association of Q1352H (12.3% vs. 3.7% in controls) and R1453W (6.2% vs. 3.1%) mutations in the CFTR gene were found although CF is reportedly rare in Japan [39]. Login to comment

[hide] Targeted next-generation sequencing effectively an... Dig Dis Sci. 2015 May;60(5):1297-307. doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3476-9. Epub 2014 Dec 10. Nakano E, Masamune A, Niihori T, Kume K, Hamada S, Aoki Y, Matsubara Y, Shimosegawa T
Targeted next-generation sequencing effectively analyzed the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in pancreatitis.
Dig Dis Sci. 2015 May;60(5):1297-307. doi: 10.1007/s10620-014-3476-9. Epub 2014 Dec 10., [PMID:25492507]

Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for the development of cystic fibrosis, is known as a pancreatitis susceptibility gene. Direct DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified CFTR gene segments is a first-line method to detect unknown mutations, but it is a tedious and labor-intensive endeavor given the large size of the gene (27 exons, 1,480 amino acids). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming standardized, reducing the cost of DNA sequencing, and enabling the generation of millions of reads per run. We here report a comprehensive analysis of CFTR variants in Japanese patients with chronic pancreatitis using NGS coupling with target capture. METHODS: Exon sequences of the CFTR gene from 193 patients with chronic pancreatitis (121 idiopathic, 46 alcoholic, 17 hereditary, and nine familial) were captured by HaloPlex target enrichment technology, followed by NGS. RESULTS: The sequencing data covered 91.6 % of the coding regions of the CFTR gene by >/= 20 reads with a mean read depth of 449. We could identify 12 non-synonymous variants including three novel ones [c.A1231G (p.K411E), c.1753G>T (p.E585X) and c.2869delC (p.L957fs)] and seven synonymous variants including three novel ones in the exonic regions. The frequencies of the c.4056G>C (p.Q1352H) and the c.3468G>T (p.L1156F) variants were higher in patients with chronic pancreatitis than those in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Target sequence capture combined with NGS is an effective method for the analysis of pancreatitis susceptibility genes.

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90 On average, 90.3 % of the coding region was successfully covered by C20 reads Table 2 Non-synonymous CFTR variants detected in this study Exon Non-synonymous variant Amino acid change dbSNP135 Genotype SIFT (score) PolyPhen-2 (score) Alcoholic CP (%) Idiopathic CP (%) Hereditary/ familial CP (%) 2 c.91C[T p.R31C rs1800073 CT D (0.012) PD (0.989) 0/46 (0) 3/121 (2.5) 0/26 (0) 2 c.92G[A p.R31H rs149353983 GA T (0.183) B (0.003) 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 4 c.374T[C p.I125T rs141723617 TC D (0.005) B (0.17) 0/46 (0) 2/121 (1.6) 1/26 (3.8) 10 c.1231A[G p.K411E - AG D (0.015) B (0.233) 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 11 c.1408G[A p.V470M rs213950 GA T (1) B (0) 21/46 (45.7) 65/121 (53.7) 11/26 (42.3) AA 5/46 (10.9) 19/121 (15.7) 1/26 (3.8) 12 c.1666A[G p.I556V rs75789129 AG T (0.536) B (0.334) 2/46 (4.3) 8/121 (6.6) 0/26 (0) GG 0/46 (0) 0/121 (0) 0/26 (0) 13 c.1753G[T p.E585X - GT - - 1/46 (2.2) 0/121 (0) 0/26 (0) 17 c.2869delC p.L957fs - - - 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 21 c.3468G[T p.L1156F rs139729994 GT T (0.163) PD (0.994) 2/46 (4.3) 10/121 (8.3) 2/26 (7.7) TT 1/46 (2.2) 0/121 (0) 0/26 (0) 25 c.4045G[A p.G1349S rs201686600 GA D (0) PD (1) 1/46 (2.2) 0/121 (0) 0/26 (0) 25 c.4056G[C p.Q1352H rs113857788 GC D (0) PD (1) 5/46 (10.9) 11/121 (9.1) 4/26 (15.4) CC 0/46 (0) 0/121 (0) 0/26 (0) 27 c.4357C[T p.R1453W rs4148725 CT D (0) PD (0.999) 3/46 (6.5) 6/121 (5.0) 1/26 (3.8) B benign, CP chronic pancreatitis, D damaging, PD probably damaging, T tolerated, SIFT Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant heterozygous form (Table 6). Login to comment
100 There were no significant difference for any other non-synonymous or synonymous variants detected in the exons Table 3 Comparison of the non-synonymous variant frequencies between the patients with CP and controls Amino acid change Genotype All CP (%) HGVD (%) P value (vs. HGVD) All CP Alcoholic CP Nonalcoholic CP Idiopathic CP Hereditary/ familial CP p.R31C CT 3/193 (1.6) 12/1102 (1.1) 0.48 [0.99 0.41 0.18 [0.99 p.R31H GA 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - p.I125T TC 3/193 (1.6) 5/1102 (0.5) 0.11 [0.99 0.057 0.15 0.13 p.K411E AG 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - p.V470M GA 97/193 (50.3) 573/1199 (47.8) 0.66 0.57 0.68 0.38 0.12 AA 25/193 (13.0) 185/1199 (15.4) p.I556V AG 10/193 (5.2) 78/1150 (6.8) 0.70 0.79 0.81 [0.99 0.45 GG 0/193 (0) 3/1150 (0.3) p.E585X GT 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - p.L957fs 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - p.L1156F GT 14/193 (7.3) 45/1136 (4.0) 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.30 TT 1/193 (0.5) 1/1136 (0.1) p.G1349S GA 1/193 (0.5) 4/1094 (0.4) 0.56 0.19 [0.99 [0.99 [0.99 p.Q1352H GC 20/193 (10.4) 57/1153 (4.9) 0.009 0.12 0.037 0.17 0.062 CC 0/193 (0) 1/1153 (0.1) p.R1453W CT 10/193 (5.2) 42/1144 (3.7) 0.32 0.25 0.49 0.45 [0.99 CP chronic pancreatitis, HGVB Human Genetic Variation Database P values were determined versus HGVD by the Fisher`s exact test Table 4 Synonymous variants in the exons of the CFTR gene detected in this study Exon Synonymous variant Amino acid change dbSNP135 Genotype Alcoholic CP (%) Idiopathic CP (%) Hereditary/ familial CP (%) 4 c.372C[T p.G124= - CT 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 13 c.1731C[T p.Y577= rs55928397 CT 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 15 c.2562T[G p.T854= rs1042077 TG 20/46 (43.5) 69/121 (57.0) 12/26 (46.2) GG 6/46 (13.0) 18/121 (14.9) 0/26 (0) 23 c.3723C[A p.G1241= rs185065886 CA 1/46 (2.2) 0/121 (0) 0/26 (0) 25 c.3975A[G p.R1325= - AG 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 27 c.4254G[A p.E1418= - GA 0/46 (0) 1/121 (0.8) 0/26 (0) 27 c.4389G[A p.Q1463= rs1800136 GA 1/46 (2.2) 3/121 (2.5) 0/26 (0) CP chronic pancreatitis between all patients with CP and controls (Tables 3, 5). Login to comment
114 Comprehensive analysis by targeted NGS enabled us to identify novel and Table 5 Comparison of the synonymous variant frequencies between the patients with CP and controls Synonymous variant Genotype All CP (%) HGVD (%) P value (vs. HGVD) All CP Alcoholic CP Nonalcoholic CP Idiopathic CP Hereditary/ familial CP c.C372T CT 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - c.1731C[T CT 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - c.2562T[G TG 101/193 (52.3) 528/1154 (45.8) 0.22 0.81 0.11 0.045 0.033 GG 24/193 (12.4) 181/1154 (15.7) c.3723C[A CA 1/193 (0.5) 3/671 (4.5) [0.99 0.23 [0.99 [0.99 [0.99 c.3975A[G AG 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - c.4254G[A GA 1/193 (0.5) 0 - - - - - c.4389G[A GA 4/193 (2.1) 40/1112 (3.6) 0.48 [0.99 0.53 0.81 [0.99 AA 0/193 (0) 1/1112 (0.1) CP chronic pancreatitis, HGVD Human Genetic Variation Database P values were determined against HGVD by the Fisher`s exact test Table 6 Total CFTR sequencing results of patients carrying rare non-synonymous CFTR variants a Pancreatitis-associated mutations in the PRSS1, SPINK1, CTRC, and CPA1 genes Case# Etiology Age at onset Rare variant Additional non-synonymous variants c.1210-34TG(9_13) c.1210-12T(5_9) Mutation in other pancreatitis susceptibility genesa A1 Idiopathic 34 p.R31C/- p.R1453W/- TG11/TG11, 7T/7T - A2 Idiopathic 8 p.R31C/- - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A3 Idiopathic 16 p.R31C/- - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A4 Idiopathic 10 p.R31H/- - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A5 Idiopathic 16 p.I125T/- p.L1156F/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T CTRC p.R29Q/- A6 Idiopathic 2 p.I125T/- - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A7 Hereditary 28 p.I125T/- p.R1453W/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A8 Idiopathic 19 p.K411E/- p/L1156F/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A9 Alcoholic 28 p.E585X/- p.I556V/- TG11/TG11, 7T/7T - A10 Idiopathic 21 p.L957fs/- p.Q1352H/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T - A11 Alcoholic 40 p.G1349S/- - TG11/TG11, 7T/7T - rare variants in the CFTR gene. Login to comment
123 Two of the three patients carrying this variant had other non-synonymous variants (p.I556V and p.R1453W). Login to comment
151 Sequence capture eliminates the necessity of setting up hundreds of PCR, instead allowing for parallel Table 8 Total CFTR sequencing results of patients with SPINK1, PRSS1, CTRC, or CPA1 mutations Case# Etiology CFTR variantsa c.1210-34TG(9_13) c.1210-12T(5_9) SPINK1 PRSS1 CTRC CPA1 B1 Familial p.Q1352H/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/p.N34S B2 Idiopathic - TG12/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/p.N34S B3 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/p.N34S B4 Idiopathic p.L1156F/-, p.Q1352H/- TG11/TG11, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B5 Idiopathic p.Q1352H/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B6 Idiopathic p.Q1352H/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B7 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B8 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B9 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B10 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B11 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B12 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B13 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/- B14 Alcoholic - TG12/TG13, 5T/7T p.N34S/- B15 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N34S/IVS3?2T[C B16 Idiopathic p.R1453W/- TG11/TG11, 7T/7T p.N34S/IVS3?2T[C B17 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/IVS3?2T[C B18 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/IVS3?2T[C B19 Hereditary p.I125T/-, p.L1156F/- TG11/TG12, 5T/7T IVS3?2T[C/- B20 Familial p.L1156F/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/- B21 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/- B22 Alcoholic p.Q1352H/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/- B23 Alcoholic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/- B24 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.P45S/- B25 Idiopathic - TG12/TG12, 7T/7T IVS3?2T[C/- p.R122H/- B26 Hereditary TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.R122H/- B27 Idiopathic p.I556V/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.N29I/- B28 Idiopathic p.I125T/-, p.L1156F/- TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.R29Q/- B29 Idiopathic - TG11/TG12, 7T/7T p.T368_Y369ins20/- Nine patients had the non-synonymous CFTR variants, which are probably damaging based on the SIFT or the PolyPhen-2 prediction The p.I556V variant appeared to be benign based on the SIFT or the PolyPhen-2 prediction Case B28 is the same as A5 in Table 6 a We excluded the p.V470M variant from the list because of its similar frequencies in patients and controls enrichment of target regions in a single experiment. Login to comment

[hide] Functional characteristics of L1156F-CFTR associat... Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015 Aug 15;309(4):G260-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00015.2014. Epub 2015 Jun 18. Kondo S, Fujiki K, Ko SB, Yamamoto A, Nakakuki M, Ito Y, Shcheynikov N, Kitagawa M, Naruse S, Ishiguro H
Functional characteristics of L1156F-CFTR associated with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in Japanese.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015 Aug 15;309(4):G260-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00015.2014. Epub 2015 Jun 18., [PMID:26089335]

Abstract [show]
Although cystic fibrosis is rare in Japanese, measurement of sweat Cl(-) has suggested mild dysfunction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in some patients with chronic pancreatitis. In the present study, we have investigated the association of CFTR variants and chronic pancreatitis in Japanese and the functional characteristics of a Japanese- and pancreatitis-specific CFTR variant, L1156F. Seventy patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, 18 patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, and 180 normal subjects participated. All exons and their boundaries and promoter region of the CFTR gene were sequenced. Human embryonic kidney-293 cells were transfected with three CFTR variants (M470V, L1156F, and M470V+L1156F), and the protein expression was examined. Xenopus laevis oocytes were injected with the CFTR variants, and bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)) transport activity was examined. CFPAC-1 cells were transfected with the CFTR variants and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity was examined. Six variants (E217G, I556V, M470V, L1156F, Q1352H, and R1453W) were identified in the coding region of the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis-causing mutations were not found. The allele frequencies of L1156F and Q1352H in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (5.0 and 7.9%) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those in normal subjects (0.6 and 1.9%). L1156F was linked with a worldwide CFTR variant, M470V. Combination of M470V and L1156F significantly reduced CFTR expression to approximately 60%, impaired CFTR-mediated HCO3 (-)/Cl(-) transport activity to 50-60%, and impaired CFTR-coupled Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange activity to 20-30%. The data suggest that the Japanese-specific CFTR variant L1156F causes mild dysfunction of CFTR and increases the risk of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in Japanese.

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11 Six variants (E217G, I556V, M470V, L1156F, Q1352H, and R1453W) were identified in the coding region of the CFTR gene. Login to comment
38 Our laboratory`s previous study (13) indicated the association of two types of CFTR variants, c.4056Gb0e;C, p.Arg1352His (Q1352H) and c.4357Cb0e;T, p.Arg1453Trp (R1453W), and chronic pancreatitis in Japanese. Login to comment
39 Defects of protein expression and ion transport of Q1352H-CFTR were confirmed by heterologous expression system, while R1453W-CFTR showed mild reduction of open probability (27). Login to comment
57 Six CFTR variants, c.650Ab0e;G, p.Glu217Gly (E217G); c.1666Ab0e;G, p.Ile556Val (I556V); M470V; L1156F; Q1352H; and R1453W, were detected. Login to comment
132 Six variants (E217G, I556V, M470V, L1156F, Q1352H, and R1453W) were identified in coding regions of the CFTR gene (Table 2). Login to comment
134 The allele frequency of R1453W in idiopathic pancreatitis (11.1%) was significantly (P b0d; 0.01) higher than that in normal subjects (1.9%). Login to comment
141 The allele frequencies of polymorphisms in the coding regions of CFTR gene ACP ICP NS n 140 36 360 E217G (exon 6a) Glu 137 (97.9) 36 (100) 354 (98.3) Gly 3 (2.1) 0 (0) 6 (1.7) M470V (exon 10) Met 60 (42.9) 14 (38.9) 143 (39.7) Val 80 (57.1) 22 (61.1) 217 (60.3) I556V (exon 11) Ile 138 (98.6) 36 (100) 348 (96.7) Val 2 (1.4) 0 (0) 12 (3.3) L1156F (exon 18) Leu 133 (95.0) 35 (97.2) 358 (99.4) Phe 7 (5.0)* 1 (2.8) 2 (0.6) Q1352H (exon 22) Gln 129 (92.1) 35 (97.2) 353 (98.1) His 11 (7.9)* 1 (2.8) 7 (1.9) R1453W (exon 24) Arg 138 (98.6) 32 (88.9) 353 (98.1) Trp 2 (1.4) 4 (11.1)* 7 (1.9) Values are no. Login to comment
258 The association of chronic pancreatitis and three Japanese/ Asian types of CFTR variants (L1156F, Q1352H, and R1453W) were demonstrated in our present and previous (13) studies. Login to comment
263 While Q1352H and R1453W are also found in Koreans (27) and thus categorized to Asian-type CFTR variants, L1156F is probably a Japanese-specific CFTR variant and has not been reported from other countries. Login to comment
268 While Q1352H was also found in patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (1) and diffuse panbronchiolitis and R1453W in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Database), L1156F has not been found in other CFTR-related diseases. Login to comment

[hide] Contribution of M470V variant to cystic fibrosis: ... Pathol Biol (Paris). 2015 Sep;63(4-5):169-74. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.07.004. Epub 2015 Sep 8. Nefzi M, Hadj Fredj S, Tebib N, Barsaoui S, Boussetta K, Siala H, Messaoud T
Contribution of M470V variant to cystic fibrosis: First study in CF and normal Tunisian population.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2015 Sep;63(4-5):169-74. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.07.004. Epub 2015 Sep 8., [PMID:26358851]

Abstract [show]
PURPOSE: Determining the frequency of M470V polymorphism in cystic fibrosis and healthy cohort in Tunisia to establish the contribution of M470V polymorphism in cystic fibrosis variable presentation and course. Additionally, studying the origin of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in Tunisian population and its evolution among populations worldwide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The genotyping of M470V marker was realized by PCR-RFLP technique in 34 unrelated patients and 50 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Statistical difference was found in the genotype and allelic distribution between CF and control groups. Exclusive association between F508del allele and M470 allele was noted. CONCLUSION: This study has contributed to better understanding involvement of the M470V polymorphism in the CF clinical expression in the Tunisian population and has confirmed the utility of this marker in the study of the origin and evolution of the CFTR locus in the human history.

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157 R1453W may not generate CF-related disease by itself but its association in the V470/V470 genotype may reduce the total CFTR function to less than 50% [14]. Login to comment