ABCMdb

ABCC7 p.Gln1238*

ClinVar:	c.3713A>G , p.Gln1238Arg ? , not provided c.3712C>T , p.Gln1238* D , Pathogenic
CF databases:	c.3713A>G , p.Gln1238Arg (CFTR1) ? , This mutation was identified by DGGE and direct sequencing. The nucleotide change A->G at position 3845 leads to Q1238R in exon 19. This mutation creates a MspI restriction site.

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[hide] Improved detection of cystic fibrosis mutations in... Genet Med. 2001 May-Jun;3(3):168-76. Heim RA, Sugarman EA, Allitto BA
Improved detection of cystic fibrosis mutations in the heterogeneous U.S. population using an expanded, pan-ethnic mutation panel.
Genet Med. 2001 May-Jun;3(3):168-76., [PMID:11388756]

Abstract [show]
PURPOSE: To determine the comparative frequency of 93 CFTR mutations in U.S. individuals with a clinical diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: A total of 5,840 CF chromosomes from Caucasians, Ashkenazi Jews, Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, and individuals of mixed race were analyzed using a pooled ASO hybridization strategy. RESULTS: Sixty-four mutations provided a sensitivity of 70% to 95% in all ethnic groups except Asians, and at least 81% when the U.S. population was considered as a whole. CONCLUSIONS: For population-based carrier screening for CF in the heterogeneous U.S. population, which is characterized by increasing admixture, a pan-ethnic mutation panel of 50 to 70 CFTR mutations may provide a practical test that maximizes sensitivity.

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85 These mutations, 574delA, C524X, Y563D, P574H, 2043delG, 3662delA, 3821delT, Q1238X, and 3849 ϩ 4AϾG, as well as the previous seven mutations, make no detectable contribution to mutation detection in the general U.S. CF population. Login to comment

[hide] Spectrum of mutations in the CFTR gene of patients... Genet Test. 2001 Fall;5(3):235-42. Strandvik B, Bjorck E, Fallstrom M, Gronowitz E, Thountzouris J, Lindblad A, Markiewicz D, Wahlstrom J, Tsui LC, Zielenski J
Spectrum of mutations in the CFTR gene of patients with classical and atypical forms of cystic fibrosis from southwestern Sweden: identification of 12 novel mutations.
Genet Test. 2001 Fall;5(3):235-42., [PMID:11788090]

Abstract [show]
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. The spectrum of CFTR mutations varies between populations and depends on different factors, such as ethnic background and geographical location. The extensive CFTR mutation screening of 129 patients with classical or atypical CF from the south-western region of Sweden revealed the presence of 37 CFTR mutations, including 12 novel alleles. The overall mutation detection rate in this study population was 92%, the highest among all tested regions in Sweden. Eight mutations with a frequency above 1% (DeltaF508, 394delTT, R117C, 3659delC, E60X, 1112delT, R764X, and 621 + 1G --> T) accounted for 78% of CF chromosomes and have been recommended for inclusion in the CFTR mutation screening panel for molecular diagnosis of CF in this region. The multiple occurrence of specific CFTR alleles less common than the predominant DeltaF508 mutation (394delTT, R117C, 3659delC) allowed for genotype-phenotype comparisons and revealed consistent relationships between these mutations and disease severity.

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27 MUTATIONS IDENTIFIED IN 258 CHROMOSOMES IN THE CF POPULATION ATTENDING THE SOUTH-WESTERN SWEDISH CF CENTRE Location in the Frequency of Mutation gene, exon Number of mutations mutation (%) Homozygotes Heterozygotes DF508 10 161 62.4 56 49 394delTT 3 13 5.0 3 7 R117C 4 7 2.7 7 3659delC 19 5 1.9 5 E60X 3 4 1.6 4 1112delT 7 4 1.6 1 2 R764X 13 4 1.6 1 2 621 1 1G ® T 4 3 1.2 3 G551D 11 2 0.8 2 I506L 10 2 0.8 2 N1088D (R75Q) 17b 2 0.8 2 Q1238X 19 2 0.8 2 R117H (IVS8-5T) 4 2 0.8 2 V603F (IVS8-5T) 13 2 0.8 2 1716G ® A 10 2 0.8 2 R75Q 3 2 0.8 2 R533X 11 1 0.4 1 2329A ® G Promoter 1 0.4 1 297-3 C ® A 2 1 0.4 1 Y161D 4 1 0.4 1 994del9 Exon/intron 6b 1 0.4 1 1154insTC 7 1 0.4 1 W361R 7 1 0.4 1 T338I 7 1 0.4 1 1249-5A ® G Intron 7 1 0.4 1 1717-2A ® G Intron 10 1 0.4 1 R560T 11 1 0.4 1 E1401X 23 1 0.4 1 3126del4 17a 1 0.4 1 S945L 15 1 0.4 1 R668C 13 1 0.4 1 2622 1 2del6 Intron 13 1 0.4 1 R1162Q Exon 19 1 0.4 1 3849 1 10kbC ® T Intron 19 1 0.4 1 R74W Exon 3 1 0.4 1 2363C ® T Promoter 1 0.4 1 IVS8-5Ta Intron 8 1 0.4 1 Unidentified 20 7.8 Total 258 100 61 116 The new mutations are displayed in bold. Login to comment

[hide] Analysis by mass spectrometry of 100 cystic fibros... Hum Reprod. 2002 Aug;17(8):2066-72. Wang Z, Milunsky J, Yamin M, Maher T, Oates R, Milunsky A
Analysis by mass spectrometry of 100 cystic fibrosis gene mutations in 92 patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens.
Hum Reprod. 2002 Aug;17(8):2066-72., [PMID:12151438]

Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: Limited mutation analysis for congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) has revealed only a minority of men in whom two distinct mutations were detected. We aimed to determine whether a more extensive mutation analysis would be of benefit in genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 92 men with CBAVD using mass spectrometry and primer oligonucleotide base extension to analyse an approximately hierarchical set of the most common 100 CF mutations. RESULTS: Analysis of 100 CF mutations identified 33/92 (35.9%) patients with two mutations and 29/92 (31.5%) with one mutation, compound heterozygosity accounting for 94% (31/33) of those with two mutations. This panel detected 12.0% more CBAVD men with at least one mutation and identified a second mutation in >50% of those considered to be heterozygotes under the two routine 25 mutation panel analyses. CONCLUSION: Compound heterozygosity of severe/mild mutations accounted for the vast majority of the CBAVD patients with two mutations, and underscores the value of a more extensive CF mutation panel for men with CBAVD. The CF100 panel enables higher carrier detection rates especially for men with CBAVD, their partners, partners of known CF carriers, and those with 'mild' CF with rarer mutations.

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20 Given the frequency of CF mutations, especially in the Caucasian population ( in 25), and the common request by CBAVD men to sire their own offspring by using surgical Table I. The 100 most common cystic fibrosis mutations listed by exon Mutationa Exonb Frequency (%)c G85E 3 0.1 394delTT 3 Swedish E60X 3 Belgium R75X 3 405ϩ1G→A Int 3 R117H 4 0.30 Y122X 4 French 457TAT→G 4 Austria I148T 4 Canada (French Canadian) 574delA 4 444delA 4 R117L 4 621ϩ1G→T Int 4 0.72 711ϩ1G→T Int 5 Ͼ0.1 712-1G→T Int 5 711ϩ5G→A Int 5 Italy (Caucasian) L206W 6a R347P 7 0.24 1078delT 7 Ͼ0.1 R334W 7 Ͼ0.1 1154InsTC 7 T338I 7 Italy R347H 7 Turkey Q359K/T360K 7 Israel (Georgian Jews) I336K 7 R352Q 7 G330X 7 S364P 7 A455E 9 0.20 I507 10 0.21 F508 10 66.02 1609delCA 10 Spain (Caucasian) V520F 10 Q493X 10 C524X 10 G480C 10 Q493R 10 1717-1G→A Int 10 0.58 R553X 11 0.73 G551D 11 1.64 G542X 11 2.42 R560T 11 Ͼ0.1 S549N 11 Q552X 11 Italy S549I 11 Israel (Arabs) A559T 11 African American R553G 11 R560K 11 1812-1G→A Int 11 A561E 12 E585X 12 Y563D 12 Y563N 12 1898ϩ1G→A Int 12 0.22 1898ϩ1G→C Int 12 2183AA→G 13 Italian 2184delA 13 Ͻ0.1 K710X 13 2143delT 13 Moscow (Russian) 2184InsA 13 1949del84 13 Spain (Spanish) 2176InsC 13 2043delG 13 2307insA 13 2789ϩ5G→A Int 14b Ͼ0.1 2869insG 15 S945L 15 Q890X 15 3120G→A 16 2067 Table I. continued Mutationa Exonb Frequency (%)c 3120ϩ1G→A Int 16 African American 3272-26A→G Int 17a R1066C 17b Portugal (Portugese) L1077P 17b R1070Q 17b Bulgarian W1089X 17b M1101K 17b Canada (Hutterite) R1070P 17b R1162X 19 0.29 3659delC 19 Ͼ0.1 3849G→A 19 3662delA 19 3791delC 19 3821delT 19 Russian Q1238X 19 S1235R 19 France, South S1196X 19 K1177R 19 3849ϩ10kbC→T Int 19 0.24 3849ϩ4A→G Int 19 W1282X 20 1.22 S1251N 20 Dutch, Belgian 3905insT 20 Swiss, Acadian, Amish G1244E 20 R1283M 20 Welsh W1282R 20 D1270N 20 S1255X 20 African American 4005ϩ1G→A Int 20 N1303K 21 1.34 W1316X 21 aMutations were chosen according to their frequencies (Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium, 1994; Zielenski and Tsui, 1995; Estivill et al., 1997). Login to comment

[hide] High allelic heterogeneity between Afro-Brazilians... Genet Test. 2003 Fall;7(3):213-8. Raskin S, Pereira L, Reis F, Rosario NA, Ludwig N, Valentim L, Phillips JA 3rd, Allito B, Heim RA, Sugarman EA, Probst CM, Faucz F, Culpi L
High allelic heterogeneity between Afro-Brazilians and Euro-Brazilians impacts cystic fibrosis genetic testing.
Genet Test. 2003 Fall;7(3):213-8., [PMID:14641997]

Abstract [show]
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by at least 1,000 different mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). To determine the frequency of 70 common worldwide CFTR mutations in 155 Euro-Brazilian CF patients and in 38 Afro-Brazilian CF patients, we used direct PCR amplification of DNA from a total of 386 chromosomes from CF patients born in three different states of Brazil. The results show that screening for seventy mutations accounts for 81% of the CF alleles in Euro-Brazilians, but only 21% in the Afro-Brazilian group. We found 21 different mutations in Euro-Brazilians and only 7 mutations in Afro-Brazilians. The frequency of mutations and the number of different mutations detected in Euro-Brazilians are different from Northern European and North American populations, but similar to Southern European populations; in Afro-Brazilians, the mix of CF-mutations is different from those reported in Afro-American CF patients. We also found significant differences in detection rates between Euro-Brazilian (75%) and Afro-Brazilian CF patients (21%) living in the same state, Minas Gerais. These results, therefore, have implications for the use of DNA-based tests for risk assessment in heterogeneous populations like the Brazilians. Further studies are needed to identify the remaining CF mutations in the different populations and regions of Brazil.

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63 FREQUENCIES OF 70 CFTR MUTATIONS IN DIFFERENT STATES OF BRAZIL, BY CONTINENTA L GROUP CFTR mutations SC PR MG detected n n n n % n % N % DF508 53 39 54 146 47.1 8 10.5 154 39.9 G542X 6 9 8 23 7.4 1 1.3 24 6.2 R1162X 9 2 4 15 4.8 2 2.6 17 4.4 N1303K 5 5 0 10 3.2 0 0 10 2.6 R334W 5 1 4 10 3.2 0 0 10 2.6 G85E 2 2 4 8 2.6 1 1.3 9 2.3 1717-1G®A 1 3 2 6 1.9 0 0 6 1.6 W1282X 4 1 1 6 1.9 0 0 6 1.6 3849110kbC®T 1 3 1 5 1.6 0 0 5 1.3 R553X 0 2 0 2 0.7 0 0 2 0.5 1812-1G®A 0 1 3 4 1.3 1 1.3 5 1.3 2183AA®G 2 1 0 3 1.0 0 0 3 0.8 312011G®A 0 0 2 2 0.7 2 2.6 4 1.0 Y1092X 0 1 1 2 0.7 1 1.3 3 0.8 G551D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W1089X 0 0 1 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 6211G®T 0 1 0 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 Q1238X 0 1 0 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 711-1G®T 0 1 0 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 R347P 1 0 0 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 189811G®A 1 0 0 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 I507 0 0 1 1 0.3 0 0 1 0.3 Subtotal 91 73 86 250 80.7 16 21.1 266 68.9 Alleles with CFTR 5 27 28 60 19.4 60 79.0 120 31.1 mutations not detected Total 96 100 114 310 100.0 76 100.0 386 100.0 Detection rate (%) 94.8 73.0 75.4 250 80.7 16 21.1 266 68.9 The following 70 CFTR mutations were selected and tested on the basis of frequency in various populations, known association with CF, or predicted deleterious effect on the CFTR protein product; DF508, G542X, N1303K, G551D, R553X, DI507, A455E, A559T, C524X, D1270N, E60X, G178R, G330X, G85E, 2307insA, I148T, K710X, P574H, Q1238X, Q493X, Q890X, R1158X, R1162X, R117H, R334W, R347H, R347P 2307insA, I148T, K710X, P574H, Q1238X, Q493X, Q890X, R1158X, R1162X, R117H, R334W, R347H, R347P 2307insA, 1148T, K710X, P574H, Q1238X, Q493X, Q890X, R1158X, R1162X, R117H, R334W, R347H, R347P, R352Q, R560T, S1196X, S1255X, S364P, S549N, S549R, V520F, W1089X, W1282X, W1310X, W1316X, Y1092X, Y122X, Y563D, 1078delT,1677delTA,1717-1G-A,1812-1G-A,1898 1 1G-A, 2043delG,2183delAA-G, 2184delA, 2789 1 5G-A, 2869insG, 2909delT, 3120 1 1G-A, 3120G-A, 3358delAC, 3659delC, 3662delA, 3750delAG, 3791delC, 3821delT, 3849 1 10KbC-T, 3849 1 4A-G, 3905insT, 405 1 1G-A, 444delA, 556delA, 574delA, 621 1 1G-T, and 711 1 1G-T. aSC, Santa Catarina State; PR, Parana State; MG, Minas Gerais State; n, number of chromosomes. Login to comment

[hide] Association between serum oncofetal antigens CA 19... Acta Paediatr. 2003 Nov;92(11):1267-71. Gronowitz E, Pitkanen S, Kjellmer I, Heikinheimo M, Strandvik B
Association between serum oncofetal antigens CA 19-9 and CA 125 and clinical status in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Acta Paediatr. 2003 Nov;92(11):1267-71., [PMID:14696845]

Abstract [show]
In cystic fibrosis (CF), mucus plugging in the airways and in the gastrointestinal tract leads to severe morbidity and mortality. The mucin-associated antigens CA 19-9 and CA 125 are markers of gastrointestinal malignancy, and CA 19-9 has also been reported in association with pulmonary function in CF. AIM: To test whether these antigens might serve as markers for the severity of pulmonary and gastrointestinal disease in CF. METHODS: In 99 patients, aged 1 to 48 y, serum levels of CA 19-9 and CA 125 were measured by RIA and ELISA and related to clinical data. RESULTS: Patients with severe mutations had significantly increased serum levels of CA 125, indicating an association with a more severe CF phenotype. This was further supported by the association with lung function, chronic pulmonary colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pancreatic insufficiency. CA 19-9 was also shown to be associated with lung function and Ps. aeruginosa colonization. No gastrointestinal malignancy was found in our patients despite very high values of CA 19-9 in some patients. During a 5-y follow-up, the very high serum levels of CA 19-9 decreased along with improved general condition of the patients. CONCLUSION: Increased serum levels of CA 125 in CF patients were associated with severe cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations and a severe phenotype. Both antigens were associated with pseudomonas colonization and lung function and CA 125 also with pancreatic insufficiency. The estimates of CA 19-9 are hampered by the influence of the Lewis histo-blood group system on the synthesis of CA 19-9.

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44 Severe mutations (1154insTC, E1401X, Q1238X) were found together with one unknown mutation in three pancreatic sufficient patients. Login to comment

[hide] CFTR mutation distribution among U.S. Hispanic and... Genet Med. 2004 Sep-Oct;6(5):392-9. Sugarman EA, Rohlfs EM, Silverman LM, Allitto BA
CFTR mutation distribution among U.S. Hispanic and African American individuals: evaluation in cystic fibrosis patient and carrier screening populations.
Genet Med. 2004 Sep-Oct;6(5):392-9., [PMID:15371903]

Abstract [show]
PURPOSE: We reviewed CFTR mutation distribution among Hispanic and African American individuals referred for CF carrier screening and compared mutation frequencies to those derived from CF patient samples. METHODS: Results from CFTR mutation analyses received from January 2001 through September 2003, were analyzed for four populations: Hispanic individuals with a CF diagnosis (n = 159) or carrier screening indication (n = 15,333) and African American individuals with a CF diagnosis (n = 108) or carrier screening indication (n = 8,973). All samples were tested for the same 87 mutation panel. RESULTS: In the Hispanic population, 42 mutations were identified: 30 in the patient population (77.5% detection rate) and 33 among carrier screening referrals. Five mutations not included in the ACMG/ACOG carrier screening panel (3876delA, W1089X, R1066C, S549N, 1949del84) accounted for 7.55% detection in patients and 5.58% among carriers. Among African American referrals, 33 different mutations were identified: 21 in the patient population (74.4% detection) and 23 in the carrier screening population. Together, A559T and 711+5G>A were observed at a detection rate of 3.71% in CF patients and 6.38% in carriers. The mutation distribution seen in both the carrier screening populations reflected an increased frequency of mutations with variable expression such as D1152H, R117H, and L206W. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed analysis of CFTR mutation distribution in the Hispanic and African American patient and carrier screening populations demonstrates that a diverse group of mutations is most appropriate for diagnostic and carrier screening in these populations. To best serve the increasingly diverse U.S. population, ethnic-specific mutations should be included in mutation panels.

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35 87 mutation panel The following mutations were included in the panel: ⌬F508, ⌬F311, ⌬I507, A455E, A559T, C524X, D1152H, D1270N, E60X, G178R, G330X, G480C, G542X, G551D, G85E, G91R, I148T, K710X, L206W, M1101K, N1303K, P574H, Q1238X, Q359K/T360K, Q493X, Q552X, Q890X, R1066C, R1158X, R1162X, R117C, R117H, R1283M, R334W, R347H, R347P, R352Q, R553X, R560T, S1196X, S1251N, S1255X, S364P, S549I, S549N, S549R, T338I, V520F, W1089X, W1282X, Y1092X, Y563D, 1078delT, 1161delC, 1609delCA, 1677delTA, 1717-1GϾA, 1812-1GϾA, 1898ϩ1GϾA, 1898ϩ5GϾT, 1949del84, 2043delG, 2143delT, 2183delAAϾG, 2184delA, 2307insA, 2789ϩ5GϾA, 2869insG, 3120ϩ1GϾA, 3120GϾA, 3659delC, 3662delA, 3791delC, 3821delT, 3849ϩ10kbCϾT, 3849ϩ4AϾG, 3905insT, 394delTT, 405ϩ1GϾA, 405ϩ3AϾC, 444delA, 574delA, 621ϩ1GϾT, 711ϩ1GϾT, 711ϩ5GϾA, 712-1GϾT, 3876delA CFTR mutation analysis Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes, buccal cell swabs, or bloodspots by Qiagen QIAmp 96 DNA Blood Kit. Specimens were tested for 87 mutations by a pooled allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization method as previously described.16,17 Two multiplex chain reactions (PCR) were used to amplify 19 regions of the CFTR gene. Login to comment

[hide] Cystic fibrosis carrier testing in an ethnically d... Clin Chem. 2011 Jun;57(6):841-8. Epub 2011 Apr 7. Rohlfs EM, Zhou Z, Heim RA, Nagan N, Rosenblum LS, Flynn K, Scholl T, Akmaev VR, Sirko-Osadsa DA, Allitto BA, Sugarman EA
Cystic fibrosis carrier testing in an ethnically diverse US population.
Clin Chem. 2011 Jun;57(6):841-8. Epub 2011 Apr 7., [PMID:21474639]

Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) and the frequency of specific disease-causing mutations vary among populations. Affected individuals experience a range of serious clinical consequences, notably lung and pancreatic disease, which are only partially dependent on genotype. METHODS: An allele-specific primer-extension reaction, liquid-phase hybridization to a bead array, and subsequent fluorescence detection were used in testing for carriers of 98 CFTR [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)] mutations among 364 890 referred individuals with no family history of CF. RESULTS: One in 38 individuals carried one of the 98 CFTR mutations included in this panel. Of the 87 different mutations detected, 18 were limited to a single ethnic group. African American, Hispanic, and Asian individuals accounted for 33% of the individuals tested. The mutation frequency distribution of Caucasians was significantly different from that of each of these ethnic groups (P < 1 x 10(1)). CONCLUSIONS: Carrier testing using a broad mutation panel detects differences in the distribution of mutations among ethnic groups in the US.

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131 Four mutations (p.S1255X, p.G330X, c.313delA, p.S364P) were identified only in African Americans, 8 mutations (p.G178R, p.T338I, c.262_ 263delTT, p.M1101K, c.442delA, p.K710X, p.P574H, p.Q1238X)wereidentifiedonlyinCaucasians,and3mu- tations (c.580-1GϾT, c.531delT, p.Q890X) were identified only in Hispanics. Login to comment

[hide] Genotyping microarray for the detection of more th... J Mol Diagn. 2005 Aug;7(3):375-87. Schrijver I, Oitmaa E, Metspalu A, Gardner P
Genotyping microarray for the detection of more than 200 CFTR mutations in ethnically diverse populations.
J Mol Diagn. 2005 Aug;7(3):375-87., [PMID:16049310]

Abstract [show]
Cystic fibrosis (CF), which is due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, is a common life-shortening disease. Although CF occurs with the highest incidence in Caucasians, it also occurs in other ethnicities with variable frequency. Recent national guidelines suggest that all couples contemplating pregnancy should be informed of molecular screening for CF carrier status for purposes of genetic counseling. Commercially available CF carrier screening panels offer a limited panel of mutations, however, making them insufficiently sensitive for certain groups within an ethnically diverse population. This discrepancy is even more pronounced when such carrier screening panels are used for diagnostic purposes. By means of arrayed primer extension technology, we have designed a genotyping microarray with 204 probe sites for CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation detection. The arrayed primer extension array, based on a platform technology for disease detection with multiple applications, is a robust, cost-effective, and easily modifiable assay suitable for CF carrier screening and disease detection.

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No. Sentence Comment
53 Table 1. Continued CFTR location Amino acid change Nucleotide change 141 IVS 16 Splicing defect 3120 ϩ 1GϾA 142 IVS 16 Splicing defect 3121 - 2AϾG 143 IVS 16 Splicing defect 3121 - 2AϾT 144 E 17a Frameshift 3132delTG 145 E 17a I1005R 3146TϾG 146 E 17a Frameshift 3171delC 147 E 17a Frameshift 3171insC 148 E 17a del V1022 and I1023 3199del6 149 E 17a Splicing defect 3271delGG 150 IVS 17a Possible splicing defect 3272 - 26AϾG 151 E 17b G1061R 3313GϾC 152 E 17b R1066C 3328CϾT 153 E 17b R1066S 3328CϾA 154 E 17b R1066H 3329GϾA 155 E 17b R1066L 3329GϾT 156 E 17b G1069R 3337GϾA 157 E 17b R1070Q 3341GϾA 158 E 17b R1070P 3341GϾC 159 E 17b L1077P 3362TϾC 160 E 17b W1089X 3398GϾA 161 E 17b Y1092X (TAA) 3408CϾA 162 E 17b Y1092X (TAG) 3408CϾG 163 E 17b L1093P 3410TϾC 164 E 17b W1098R 3424TϾC 165 E 17b Q1100P 3431AϾC 166 E 17b M1101K 3434TϾA 167 E 17b M1101R 3434TϾG 168 IVS 17b 3500 - 2AϾT 3500 - 2AϾT 169 IVS 17b Splicing defect 3500 - 2AϾG 170 E 18 D1152H 3586GϾC 171 E 19 R1158X 3604CϾT 172 E 19 R1162X 3616CϾT 173 E 19 Frameshift 3659delC 174 E 19 S1196X 3719CϾG 175 E 19 S1196T 3719TϾC 176 E 19 Frameshift and K1200E 3732delA and 3730AϾG 177 E 19 Frameshift 3791delC 178 E 19 Frameshift 3821delT 179 E 19 S1235R 3837TϾG 180 E 19 Q1238X 3844CϾT 181 IVS 19 Possible splicing defect 3849 ϩ 4AϾG 182 IVS 19 Splicing defect 3849 ϩ 10 kb CϾT 183 IVS 19 Splicing defect 3850 - 1GϾA 184 E 20 G1244E 3863GϾA 185 E 20 G1244V 3863GϾT 186 E 20 Frameshift 3876delA 187 E 20 G1249E 3878GϾA 188 E 20 S1251N 3884GϾA 189 E 20 T1252P 3886AϾC 190 E 20 S1255X 3896CϾA and 3739AϾG in E19 191 E 20 S1255L 3896CϾT 192 E 20 Frameshift 3905insT 193 E 20 D1270N 3940GϾA 194 E 20 W1282R 3976TϾC 195 E 20 W1282X 3978GϾA 196 E 20 W1282C 3978GϾT 197 E 20 R1283M 3980GϾT 198 E 20 R1283K 3980GϾA 199 IVS 20 Splicing defect 4005 ϩ 1GϾA 200 E 21 Frameshift 4010del4 201 E 21 Frameshift 4016insT 202 E 22 Inframe del E21 del E21 203 E 21 N1303K 4041CϾG 204 E 24 Frameshift 4382delA Genomic and Synthetic Template Samples Where possible, native genomic DNA was collected. Login to comment
150 Primers Generated to Create Synthetic Templates That Serve As Positive Mutation Controls Primer name Sense strand 5Ј 3 3Ј Name Antisense strand 5Ј 3 3Ј 175delC synt F T(15)ATTTTTTTCAGGTGAGAAGGTGGCCA 175delC synt R T(15)ATTTGGAGACAACGCTGGCCTTTTCC W19C synt F T(15)TACCAGACCAATTTTGAGGAAAGGAT W19C synt R T(15)ACAGCTAAAATAAAGAGAGGAGGAAC Q39X synt F T(15)TAAATCCCTTCTGTTGATTCTGCTGA Q39X synt R T(15)AGTATATGTCTGACAATTCCAGGCGC 296 ϩ 12TϾC synt F T(15)CACATTGTTTAGTTGAAGAGAGAAAT 296 ϩ 12TϾC synt R T(15)GCATGAACATACCTTTCCAATTTTTC 359insT synt F T(15)TTTTTTTCTGGAGATTTATGTTCTAT 359insT synt R T(15)AAAAAAACATCGCCGAAGGGCATTAA E60X synt F T(15)TAGCTGGCTTCAAAGAAAAATCCTAA E60X synt R T(15)ATCTATCCCATTCTCTGCAAAAGAAT P67L synt F T(15)TTAAACTCATTAATGCCCTTCGGCGA P67L synt R T(15)AGATTTTTCTTTGAAGCCAGCTCTCT R74Q synt F T(15)AGCGATGTTTTTTCTGGAGATTTATG R74Q synt R T(15)TGAAGGGCATTAATGAGTTTAGGATT R75X synt F T(15)TGATGTTTTTTCTGGAGATTTATGTT R75X synt R T(15)ACCGAAGGGCATTAATGAGTTTAGGA W57X(TAG) synt F T(15)AGGATAGAGAGCTGGCTTCAAAGAAA W57X(TAG) synt R T(15)TATTCTCTGCAAAAGAATAAAAAGTG W57X(TGA) synt F T(15)AGATAGAGAGCTGGCTTCAAAGAAAA W57X(TGA) synt R T(15)TCATTCTCTGCAAAAGAATAAAAAGT G91R synt F T(15)AGGGTAAGGATCTCATTTGTACATTC G91R synt R T(15)TTAAATATAAAAAGATTCCATAGAAC 405 ϩ 1GϾA synt F T(15)ATAAGGATCTCATTTGTACATTCATT 405 ϩ 1GϾA synt R T(15)TCCCTAAATATAAAAAGATTCCATAG 405 ϩ 3AϾC synt F T(15)CAGGATCTCATTTGTACATTCATTAT 405 ϩ 3AϾC synt R T(15)GACCCCTAAATATAAAAAGATTCCAT 406 - 1GϾA synt F T(15)AGAAGTCACCAAAGCAGTACAGCCTC 406 - 1GϾA synt R T(15)TTACAAAAGGGGAAAAACAGAGAAAT E92X synt F T(15)TAAGTCACCAAAGCAGTACAGCCTCT E92X synt R T(15)ACTACAAAAGGGGAAAAACAGAGAAA E92K synt F T(15)AAAGTCACCAAAGCAGTACAGCCTCT E92K synt R T(15)TCTACAAAAGGGGAAAAACAGAGAAA 444delA synt F T(15)GATCATAGCTTCCTATGACCCGGATA 444delA synt R T(15)ATCTTCCCAGTAAGAGAGGCTGTACT 574delA synt F T(15)CTTGGAATGCAGATGAGAATAGCTAT 574delA synt R T(15)AGTGATGAAGGCCAAAAATGGCTGGG 621GϾA synt F T(15)AGTAATACTTCCTTGCACAGGCCCCA 621GϾA synt R T(15)TTTCTTATAAATCAAACTAAACATAG Q98P synt F T(15)CGCCTCTCTTACTGGGAAGAATCATA Q98P synt R T(15)GGTACTGCTTTGGTGACTTCCTACAA 457TATϾG synt F T(15)GGACCCGGATAACAAGGAGGAACGCT 457TATϾG synt R T(15)CGGAAGCTATGATTCTTCCCAGTAAG I148T synt F T(15)CTGGAATGCAGATGAGAATAGCTATG I148T synt R T(15)GTGTGATGAAGGCCAAAAATGGCTGG 624delT synt F T(15)CTTAAAGCTGTCAAGCCGTGTTCTAG 624delT synt R T(15)TAAGTCTAAAAGAAAAATGGAAAGTT 663delT synt F T(15)ATGGACAACTTGTTAGTCTCCTTTCC 663delT synt R T(15)CATACTTATTTTATCTAGAACACGGC G178R synt F T(15)AGACAACTTGTTAGTCTCCTTTCCAA G178R synt R T(15)TAATACTTATTTTATCTAGAACACGG Q179K synt F T(15)AAACTTGTTAGTCTCCTTTCCAACAA Q179K synt R T(15)TTCCAATACTTATTTTATCTAGAACA 711 ϩ 5GϾA synt F T(15)ATACCTATTGATTTAATCTTTTAGGC 711 ϩ 5GϾA synt R T(15)TTATACTTCATCAAATTTGTTCAGGT 712 - 1GϾT synt F T(15)TGGACTTGCATTGGCACATTTCGTGT 712 - 1GϾT synt R T(15)TATGGAAAATAAAAGCACAGCAAAAAC H199Y synt F T(15)TATTTCGTGTGGATCGCTCCTTTGCA H199Y synt R T(15)TATGCCAATGCTAGTCCCTGGAAAATA P205S synt F T(15)TCTTTGCAAGTGGCACTCCTCATGGG P205S synt R T(15)TAAGCGATCCACACGAAATGTGCCAAT L206W synt F T(15)GGCAAGTGGCACTCCTCATGGGGCTA L206W synt R T(15)TCAAGGAGCGATCCACACGAAATGTGC Q220X synt F T(15)TAGGCGTCTGCTTTCTGTGGACTTGG Q220X synt R T(15)TATAACAACTCCCAGATTAGCCCCATG 936delTA synt F T(15)AATCCAATCTGTTAAGGCATACTGCT 936delTA synt R T(15)TGATTTTCAATCATTTCTGAGGTAATC 935delA synt F T(15)GAAATATCCAATCTGTTAAGGCATAC 935delA synt R T(15)TATTTCAATCATTTCTGAGGTAATCAC N287Y synt F T(15)TACTTAAGACAGTAAGTTGTTCCAAT N287Y synt R T(15)TATTCAATCATTTTTTCCATTGCTTCT 1002 - 3TϾG synt F T(15)GAGAACAGAACTGAAACTGACTCGGA 1002 - 3TϾG synt R T(15)TCTAAAAAACAATAACAATAAAATTCA 1154insTC syntwt F T(15)ATCTCATTCTGCATTGTTCTGCGCAT 1154insTC syntwt R T(15)TTGAGATGGTGGTGAATATTTTCCGGA 1154insTC syntmt F T(15)TCTCTCATTCTGCATTGTTCTGCGCAT 1154insTC syntmt R T(15)TAGAGATGGTGGTGAATATTTTCCGGA DF311 mt syntV1 F T(15)CCTTCTTCTCAGGGTTCTTTGTGGTG dF311 mt syntV1 R T(15)GAGAAGAAGGCTGAGCTATTGAAGTATC G330X synt F T(15)TGAATCATCCTCCGGAAAATATTCAC G330X synt R T(15)ATTTGATTAGTGCATAGGGAAGCACA S364P synt F T(15)CCTCTTGGAGCAATAAACAAAATACA S364P synt R T(15)GGTCATACCATGTTTGTACAGCCCAG Q359K/T360K mt synt F T(15)AAAAAATGGTATGACTCTCTTGGAGC Q359K/T360K mt synt R T(15)TTTTTTACAGCCCAGGGAAATTGCCG 1078delT synt F T(15)CTTGTGGTGTTTTTATCTGTGCTTCC 1078delT synt R T(15)CAAGAACCCTGAGAAGAAGAAGGCTG 1119delA synt F T(15)CAAGGAATCATCCTCCGGAAAATATT 1119delA synt R T(15)CTTGATTAGTGCATAGGGAAGCACAG 1161delC synt F T(15)GATTGTTCTGCGCATGGCGGTCACTC 1161delC synt R T(15)TCAGAATGAGATGGTGGTGAATATTT T338I synt F T(15)TCACCATCTCATTCTGCATTGTTCTG T338I synt R T(15)ATGAATATTTTCCGGAGGATGATTCC R352Q synt F T(15)AGCAATTTCCCTGGGCTGTACAAACA R352Q synt R T(15)TGAGTGACCGCCATGCGCAGAACAAT L346P synt F T(15)CGCGCATGGCGGTCACTCGGCAATTT L346P synt R T(15)GGAACAATGCAGAATGAGATGGTGGT 1259insA synt F T(15)AAAAAGCAAGAATATAAGACATTGGA 1259insA synt R T(15)TTTTTGTAAGAAATCCTATTTATAAA W401X(TAG)mtsynt F T(15)AGGAGGAGGTCAGAATTTTTAAAAAA W401X(TAG)mtsynt R T(15)TAGAAGGCTGTTACATTCTCCATCAC W401X(TGA) synt F T(15)AGAGGAGGTCAGAATTTTTAAAAAAT W401X(TGA) synt R T(15)TCAGAAGGCTGTTACATTCTCCATCA 1342 - 2AϾC synt F T(15)CGGGATTTGGGGAATTATTTGAGAAA 1342 - 2AϾC synt R T(15)GGTTAAAAAAACACACACACACACAC 1504delG synt F T(15)TGATCCACTGTAGCAGGCAAGGTAGT 1504delG synt R T(15)TCAGCAACCGCCAACAACTGTCCTCT G480C synt F T(15)TGTAAAATTAAGCACAGTGGAAGAAT G480C synt R T(15)ACTCTGAAGGCTCCAGTTCTCCCATA C524X synt F T(15)ACAACTAGAAGAGGTAAGAAACTATG C524X synt R T(15)TCATGCTTTGATGACGCTTCTGTATC V520F synt F T(15)TTCATCAAAGCAAGCCAACTAGAAGA V520F synt R T(15)AGCTTCTGTATCTATATTCATCATAG 1609delCA synt F T(15)TGTTTTCCTGGATTATGCCTGGCACC 1609delCA synt R T(15)CAGAACAGAATGAAATTCTTCCACTG 1717 - 8GϾA synt F T(15)AGTAATAGGACATCTCCAAGTTTGCA 1717 - 8GϾA synt R T(15)TAAAAATAGAAAATTAGAGAGTCACT 1784delG synt F T(15)AGTCAACGAGCAAGAATTTCTTTAGC 1784delG synt R T(15)ACTCCACTCAGTGTGATTCCACCTTC A559T synt F T(15)ACAAGGTGAATAACTAATTATTGGTC A559T synt R T(15)TTAAAGAAATTCTTGCTCGTTGACCT Q552X synt F T(15)TAACGAGCAAGAATTTCTTTAGCAAG Q552X synt R T(15)AACCTCCACTCAGTGTGATTCCACCT S549R(AϾC) synt F T(15)CGTGGAGGTCAACGAGCAAGAATTTC S549R(AϾC) synt R T(15)GCAGTGTGATTCTACCTTCTCCAAGA S549R(TϾG) synt F T(15)GGGAGGTCAACGAGCAAGTATTTC S549R(TϾG) synt R T(15)CCTCAGTGTGATTCCACCTTCTCCAA L558S synt F T(15)CAGCAAGGTGAATAACTAATTATTGG L558S synt R T(15)GAAGAAATTCTCGCTCGTTGACCTCC 1811 ϩ 1.6 kb AϾG synt F T(15)GTAAGTAAGGTTACTATCAATCACAC 1811 ϩ 1.6 kb AϾG synt R T(15)CATCTCAAGTACATAGGATTCTCTGT 1812 - 1GϾA synt F T(15)AAGCAGTATACAAAGATGCTGATTTG 1812 - 1GϾA synt R T(15)TTAAAAAGAAAATGGAAATTAAATTA D572N synt F T(15)AACTCTCCTTTTGGATACCTAGATGT D572N synt R T(15)TTAATAAATACAAATCAGCATCTTTG P574H synt F T(15)ATTTTGGATACCTAGATGTTTTAACA P574H synt R T(15)TGAGAGTCTAATAAATACAAATCAGC 1833delT synt F T(15)ATTGTATTTATTAGACTCTCCTTTTG 1833delT synt R T(15)CAATCAGCATCTTTGTATACTGCTCT Table 4. Continued Primer name Sense strand 5Ј 3 3Ј Name Antisense strand 5Ј 3 3Ј Y563D synt F T(15)GACAAAGATGCTGATTTGTATTTATT Y563D synt R T(15)CTACTGCTCTAAAAAGAAAATGGAAA T582R synt F T(15)GAGAAAAAGAAATATTTGAAAGGTAT T582R synt R T(15)CTTAAAACATCTAGGTATCCAAAAGG E585X synt F T(15)TAAATATTTGAAAGGTATGTTCTTTG E585X synt R T(15)ATTTTTCTGTTAAAACATCTAGGTAT 1898 ϩ 5GϾT synt F T(15)TTTCTTTGAATACCTTACTTATATTG 1898 ϩ 5GϾT synt R T(15)AATACCTTTCAAATATTTCTTTTTCT 1924del7 synt F T(15)CAGGATTTTGGTCACTTCTAAAATGG 1924del7 synt R T(15)CTGTTAGCCATCAGTTTACAGACACA 2055del9ϾA synt F T(15)ACATGGGATGTGATTCTTTCGACCAA 2055del9ϾA synt R T(15)TCTAAAGTCTGGCTGTAGATTTTGGA D648V synt F T(15)TTTCTTTCGACCAATTTAGTGCAGAA D648V synt R T(15)ACACATCCCATGAGTTTTGAGCTAAA K710X synt F T(15)TAATTTTCCATTGTGCAAAAGACTCC K710X synt R T(15)ATCGTATAGAGTTGATTGGATTGAGA I618T synt F T(15)CTTTGCATGAAGGTAGCAGCTATTTT I618T synt R T(15)GTTAATATTTTGTCAGCTTTCTTTAA R764X synt F T(15)TGAAGGAGGCAGTCTGTCCTGAACCT R764X synt R T(15)ATGCCTGAAGCGTGGGGCCAGTGCTG Q685X synt F T(15)TAATCTTTTAAACAGACTGGAGAGTT Q685X synt R T(15)ATTTTTTTGTTTCTGTCCAGGAGACA R709X synt F T(15)TGAAAATTTTCCATTGTGCAAAAGAC R709X synt R T(15)ATATAGAGTTGATTGGATTGAGAATA V754M synt F T(15)ATGATCAGCACTGGCCCCACGCTTCA V754M synt R T(15)TGCTGATGCGAGGCAGTATCGCCTCT 1949del84 synt F T(15)AAAAATCTACAGCCAGACTTTATCTC 1949del84 synt R T(15)TTTTTAGAAGTGACCAAAATCCTAGT 2108delA synt F T(15)GAATTCAATCCTAACTGAGACCTTAC 2108delA synt R T(15)ATTCTTCTTTCTGCACTAAATTGGTC 2176insC synt F T(15)CCAAAAAAACAATCTTTTAAACAGACTGGAGAG 2176insC synt R T(15)GGTTTCTGTCCAGGAGACAGGAGCAT 2184delA synt F T(15)CAAAAAACAATCTTTTAAACAGACTGG 2184delA synt R T(15)GTTTTTTGTTTCTGTCCAGGAGACAG 2105-2117 del13 synt F T(15)AAACTGAGACCTTACACCGTTTCTCA 2105-2117 del13 synt R T(15)TTTCTTTCTGCACTAAATTGGTCGAA 2307insA synt F T(15)AAAGAGGATTCTGATGAGCCTTTAGA 2307insA synt R T(15)TTTCGATGCCATTCATTTGTAAGGGA W846X synt F T(15)AAACACATACCTTCGATATATTACTGTCCAC W846X synt R T(15)TCATGTAGTCACTGCTGGTATGCTCT 2734G/AT synt F T(15)TTAATTTTTCTGGCAGAGGTAAGAAT 2734G/AT synt R T(15)TTAAGCACCAAATTAGCACAAAAATT 2766del8 synt F T(15)GGTGGCTCCTTGGAAAGTGAGTATTC 2766del8 synt R T(15)CACCAAAGAAGCAGCCACCTGGAATGG 2790 - 2AϾG synt F T(15)GGCACTCCTCTTCAAGACAAAGGGAA 2790 - 2AϾG synt R T(15)CGTAAAGCAAATAGGAAATCGTTAAT 2991del32 synt F T(15)TTCAACACGTCGAAAGCAGGTACTTT 2991del32 synt R T(15)AAACATTTTGTGGTGTAAAATTTTCG Q890X synt F T(15)TAAGACAAAGGGAATAGTACTCATAG Q890X synt R T(15)AAAGAGGAGTGCTGTAAAGCAAATAG 2869insG synt F T(15)GATTATGTGTTTTACATTTACGTGGG 2869insG synt R T(15)CACGAACTGGTGCTGGTGATAATCAC 3120GϾA synt F T(15)AGTATGTAAAAATAAGTACCGTTAAG 3120GϾA synt R T(15)TTGGATGAAGTCAAATATGGTAAGAG 3121 - 2AϾT synt F T(15)TGTTGTTATTAATTGTGATTGGAGCT 3121 - 2AϾT synt R T(15)AGTAAGATCAAAGAAAACATGTTGGT 3132delTG synt F T(15)TTGATTGGAGCCATAGCAGTTGTCGC 3132delTG synt R T(15)AATTAATAACAACTGTAAGATCAAAG 3271delGG synt F T(15)ATATGACAGTGAATGTGCGATACTCA 3271delGG synt R T(15)ATTCAGATTCCAGTTGTTTGAGTTGC 3171delC synt F T(15)ACCTACATCTTTGTTGCAACAGTGCC 3171delC synt R T(15)AGGTTGTAAAACTGCGACAACTGCTA 3171insC synt F T(15)CCCCTACATCTTTGTTGCTACAGTGC 3171insC synt R T(15)GGGGTTGTAAAACTGCGACAACTGCT 3199del6 synt F T(15)GAGTGGCTTTTATTATGTTGAGAGCATAT 3199del6 synt R T(15)CCACTGGCACTGTTGCAACAAAGATG M1101K synt F T(15)AGAGAATAGAAATGATTTTTGTCATC M1101K synt R T(15)TTTTGGAACCAGCGCAGTGTTGACAG G1061R synt F T(15)CGACTATGGACACTTCGTGCCTTCGG G1061R synt R T(15)GTTTTAAGCTTGTAACAAGATGAGTG R1066L synt F T(15)TTGCCTTCGGACGGCAGCCTTACTTT R1066L synt R T(15)AGAAGTGTCCATAGTCCTTTTAAGCT R1070P synt F T(15)CGCAGCCTTACTTTGAAACTCTGTTC R1070P synt R T(15)GGTCCGAAGGCACGAAGTGTCCATAG L1077P synt F T(15)CGTTCCACAAAGCTCTGAATTTACAT L1077P synt R T(15)GGAGTTTCAAAGTAAGGCTGCCGTCC W1089X synt F T(15)AGTTCTTGTACCTGTCAACACTGCGC W1089X synt R T(15)TAGTTGGCAGTATGTAAATTCAGAGC L1093P synt F T(15)CGTCAACACTGCGCTGGTTCCAAATG L1093P synt R T(15)GGGTACAAGAACCAGTTGGCAGTATG W1098R synt F T(15)CGGTTCCAAATGAGAATAGAAATGAT W1098R synt R T(15)GGCGCAGTGTTGACAGGTACAAGAAC Q1100P synt F T(15)CAATGAGAATAGAAATGATTTTTGTC Q1100P synt R T(15)GGGAACCAGCGCAGTGTTGACAGGTA D1152H synt F T(15)CATGTGGATAGCTTGGTAAGTCTTAT D1152H synt R T(15)GTATGCTGGAGTTTACAGCCCACTGC R1158X synt F T(15)TGATCTGTGAGCCGAGTCTTTAAGTT R1158X synt R T(15)ACATCTGAAATAAAAATAACAACATT S1196X synt F T(15)GACACGTGAAGAAAGATGACATCTGG S1196X synt R T(15)CAATTCTCAATAATCATAACTTTCGA 3732delA synt F T(15)GGAGATGACATCTGGCCCTCAGGGGG 3732delA synt R T(15)CTCCTTCACGTGTGAATTCTCAATAA 3791delC synt F T(15)AAGAAGGTGGAAATGCCATATTAGAG 3791delC synt R T(15)TTGTATTTTGCTGTGAGATCTTTGAC 3821delT synt F T(15)ATTCCTTCTCAATAAGTCCTGGCCAG 3821delT synt R T(15)GAATGTTCTCTAATATGGCATTTCCA Q1238X synt F T(15)TAGAGGGTGAGATTTGAACACTGCTT Q1238X synt R T(15)AGCCAGGACTTATTGAGAAGGAAATG S1255X (ex19)synt F T(15)GTCTGGCCCTCAGGGGGCCAAATGAC S1255X (ex19) synt R T(15)CGTCATCTTTCTTCACGTGTGAATTC S1255X;L synt F T(15)AAGCTTTTTTGAGACTACTGAACACT S1255X;L synt R T(15)TATAACAAAGTAATCTTCCCTGATCC 3849 ϩ 4AϾG synt F T(15)GGATTTGAACACTGCTTGCTTTGTTA 3849 ϩ 4AϾG synt R T(15)CCACCCTCTGGCCAGGACTTATTGAG 3850 - 1GϾA synt F T(15)AGTGGGCCTCTTGGGAAGAACTGGAT 3850 - 1GϾA synt R T(15)TTATAAGGTAAAAGTGATGGGATCAC 3905insT synt F T(15)TTTTTTTGAGACTACTGAACACTGAA 3905insT synt R T(15)AAAAAAAGCTGATAACAAAGTACTCT 3876delA synt F T(15)CGGGAAGAGTACTTTGTTATCAGCTT 3876delA synt R T(15)CGATCCAGTTCTTCCCAAGAGGCCCA G1244V synt F T(15)TAAGAACTGGATCAGGGAAGAGTACT G1244V synt R T(15)ACCAAGAGGCCCACCTATAAGGTAAA G1249E synt F T(15)AGAAGAGTACTTTGTTATCAGCTTTT G1249E synt R T(15)TCTGATCCAGTTCTTCCCAAGAGGCC S1251N synt F T(15)ATACTTTGTTATCAGCTTTTTTGAGACTACTG S1251N synt R T(15)TTCTTCCCTGATCCAGTTCTTCCCAA S1252P synt F T(15)CCTTTGTTATCAGCTTTTTTGAGACT S1252P synt R T(15)GACTCTTCCCTGATCCAGTTCTTCCC D1270N synt F T(15)AATGGTGTGTCTTGGGATTCAATAAC D1270N synt R T(15)TGATCTGGATTTCTCCTTCAGTGTTC W1282R synt F T(15)CGGAGGAAAGCCTTTGGAGTGATACC W1282R synt R T(15)GCTGTTGCAAAGTTATTGAATCCCAA R1283K synt F T(15)AGAAAGCCTTTGGAGTGATACCACAG R1283K synt R T(15)TTCCACTGTTGCAAAGTTATTGAATC 4005 ϩ 1GϾA synt F T(15)ATGAGCAAAAGGACTTAGCCAGAAAA 4005 ϩ 1GϾA synt R T(15)TCTGTGGTATCACTCCAAAGGCTTTC 4010del4 synt F T(15)GTATTTTTTCTGGAACATTTAGAAAAAACTTGG 4010del4 synt R T(15)AAAATACTTTCTATAGCAAAAAAGAAAAGAAGAA 4016insT synt F T(15)TTTTTTTCTGGAACATTTAGAAAAAACTTGG 4016insT synt R T(15)AAAAAAATAAATACTTTCTATAGCAAAAAAGAAAAGAAGA CFTRdele21 synt F T(15)TAGGTAAGGCTGCTAACTGAAATGAT CFTRdele21 synt R T(15)CCTATAGCAAAAAAGAAAAGAAGAAGAAAGTATG 4382delA synt F T(15)GAGAGAACAAAGTGCGGCAGTACGAT 4382delA synt R T(15)CTCTATGACCTATGGAAATGGCTGTT Bold, mutation allele of interest; bold and italicized, modified nucleotide. 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[hide] Spectrum of CFTR mutations in cystic fibrosis and ... Hum Mutat. 2000;16(2):143-56. Claustres M, Guittard C, Bozon D, Chevalier F, Verlingue C, Ferec C, Girodon E, Cazeneuve C, Bienvenu T, Lalau G, Dumur V, Feldmann D, Bieth E, Blayau M, Clavel C, Creveaux I, Malinge MC, Monnier N, Malzac P, Mittre H, Chomel JC, Bonnefont JP, Iron A, Chery M, Georges MD
Spectrum of CFTR mutations in cystic fibrosis and in congenital absence of the vas deferens in France.
Hum Mutat. 2000;16(2):143-56., [PMID:10923036]

Abstract [show]
We have collated the results of cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation analysis conducted in 19 laboratories in France. We have analyzed 7, 420 CF alleles, demonstrating a total of 310 different mutations including 24 not reported previously, accounting for 93.56% of CF genes. The most common were F508del (67.18%; range 61-80), G542X (2.86%; range 1-6.7%), N1303K (2.10%; range 0.75-4.6%), and 1717-1G>A (1.31%; range 0-2.8%). Only 11 mutations had relative frequencies >0. 4%, 140 mutations were found on a small number of CF alleles (from 29 to two), and 154 were unique. These data show a clear geographical and/or ethnic variation in the distribution of the most common CF mutations. This spectrum of CF mutations, the largest ever reported in one country, has generated 481 different genotypes. We also investigated a cohort of 800 French men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and identified a total of 137 different CFTR mutations. Screening for the most common CF defects in addition to assessment for IVS8-5T allowed us to detect two mutations in 47.63% and one in 24.63% of CBAVD patients. In a subset of 327 CBAVD men who were more extensively investigated through the scanning of coding/flanking sequences, 516 of 654 (78. 90%) alleles were identified, with 15.90% and 70.95% of patients carrying one or two mutations, respectively, and only 13.15% without any detectable CFTR abnormality. The distribution of genotypes, classified according to the expected effect of their mutations on CFTR protein, clearly differed between both populations. CF patients had two severe mutations (87.77%) or one severe and one mild/variable mutation (11.33%), whereas CBAVD men had either a severe and a mild/variable (87.89%) or two mild/variable (11.57%) mutations.

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109 h M1K, K14X, W19X, 211delG, G27E, R31C, 237insA, 241delAT, Q39X, 244delTA, 296+2T>C, 297-3C>T, W57X+F87L, 306delTAGA, P67L, A72D, 347delC, R75Q, 359insT, 394delT, 405+4A>G, Q98R, 457TAT>G, R117H+5T, R117H+I1027T, R117L, R117P, H139R, A141D, M152V, N186K, D192N, D192del, E193X, 711+1G>A, 711+3A>G, 712-1G>T, L206F, W216X, C225R, Q237E, G241R, 852del22, 876-14del12, 905delG, 993del5, E292K, Y304X, F311del, 1161delC, R347L, R352Q, W361R, 1215delG, S364P, S434X, D443Y, S466X, C491R, T501A, I506T, F508C, I507del+F508C, F508del+L467F, 1774delCT, R553G, 1802delC, 1806delA, A559E, Y563N, 1833delT, Y569C, Y569H, Y569X, G576X, G576A, T582I, 1898+3A>G+186-13C>G, 1918delGC, R600G, L610S, G628R, 2043delG, 2118del4, E664X, 2174insA, Q689X, K698R, K716X, L732X, 2347delG, 2372del8, R764X, 2423delG, S776X, 2634insT, 2640delT, C866Y, 2752-1G>T, W882X, Y913C, V920M, 2896insAG, H939D, H939R, D979V, D985H, D993Y, 3120G>A, I1005R, 3195del6, 3293delA, 3320ins5, W1063X, A1067T, 3359delCT, T1086I, W1089X, Y1092X+S1235R, W1098X, E1104X, R1128X, 3532AC>GTA, 3548TCAT>G, M1140del, 3600G>A, R1162L, 3667ins4, 3732delA+K1200E, S1206X, 3791delC, S1235R+5T, Q1238R, Q1238X, 3849+4A>G, T1246I, 3869insG, S1255P, R1283K, F1286S, 4005+1G>T, 4006-8T>A, 4015delA, N1303H, N1303I, 4172delGC, 4218insT, 4326delTC, Q1382X, 4375-1C>T, 4382delA, D1445N, CF40kbdel4-10, Cfdel17b. Login to comment

[hide] Mutation analysis in 600 French cystic fibrosis pa... J Med Genet. 1994 Jul;31(7):541-4. Chevalier-Porst F, Bonardot AM, Gilly R, Chazalette JP, Mathieu M, Bozon D
Mutation analysis in 600 French cystic fibrosis patients.
J Med Genet. 1994 Jul;31(7):541-4., [PMID:7525963]

Abstract [show]
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene of 600 unrelated cystic fibrosis (CF) patients living in France (excluding Brittany) was screened for 105 different mutations. This analysis resulted in the identification of 86% of the CF alleles and complete genotyping of 76% of the patients. The most frequent mutations in this population after delta F508 (69% of the CF chromosomes) are G542X (3.3%), N1303K (1.8%), W1282X (1.5%), 1717-1G-->A (1.3%), 2184delA + 2183 A-->G (0.9%), and R553X (0.8%).

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21 Among the 104 other CFTR mutations tested on the 373 non-AF508 CF chromosomes, none of the following 58 mutations were found: G91R, 435 insA, 444delA, D11OH, 556delA, 557delT, R297Q, 1154insTC, R347L, R352Q, Q359K/T360K, 1221delCT, G480C, Q493R, V520F, C524X, 1706dell7, S549R (A-C), S549N, S549I, G551S, 1784delG, Q552X, L558S, A559T, R560T, R560K, Y563N, P574H, 2307insA, 2522insC, 2556insAT, E827X, Q890X, Y913C, 2991de132 (Dork et al, personal communication), L967S, 3320ins5, 3359delCT, H1085R, R1158X, 3662delA, 3667del4, 3667ins4, 3732delA, 3737delA, W1204X, 3750delAG, I 1234V, Q1238X, 3850- 3T-+G, 3860ins31, S1255X, 3898insC, D1270N, R1283M, F1286S, 4005 + I G-A. Forty-six other mutations were found on at Distribution of CFTR mutations found in our sample ofpopulation (1200 CF chromosomes) Mutations tested No of CF chromosomes Haplotypes Method with the mutation XV2C-KM19 (% of total CF alleles) Exon 3: G85E 4 (033) 3C HinfI/ASO394delTT 2 2B PAGEExon 4: R117H 1 B ASOY122X 2 2C MseI/sequenceI148T 1 B ASO621+IG-J* 1 B MseIIASOExon 5: 711+1G--T 8(07) 8A ASOExon 7: AF311 1 C PAGE/sequencelO78delT 5 (0-42) 5C PAGE/ASOR334W 5 (0-42) 2A,2C,ID MspIlASOR347P 5 (042) 5A CfoI/NcoIR347H 1 Cfol/sequenceExon 9: A455E 1 B ASOExon 10: S492F I C DdeI/sequenceQ493X 1 D ASOl609deICA 1 C PAGE/Ddel/sequenceA1507 3 (025) 3D PAGE/ASOAF508 827 (69) 794B,30D,2C,IA PAGEl677delTA 1 A PAGE/sequenceExon I11: 1717-IG--.A 16(1-3) 14B Modified primers + AvaIIG542X 40 (3-3) 29B,5D,2A Modified primers + BstNiS549R(T--*G) 2 2B ASOG551D 3 (025) 3B HincII/Sau3AR553X 10(0-8) 6A,1B,2C,ID Hincll/sequenceExon 12: 1898+IG--A 1 C ASO1898+ IG-C 2 IC ASOExon 13: l9l8deIGC 1 A PAGE/sequence1949de184 I C PAGE/sequenceG628R(G-+A) 2 2A Sequence2118de14 I c PAGE/sequence2143de1T 1 B PAGE/modified primers2184de1A+2183A--*G 11 (0-9) lIB PAGE/ASO2184de1A 1 ASOK710X 3 (025) IC XmnI2372de18 1 B PAGE/sequenceExon 15: S945L 1 C TaqlExon 17b:L1065P I MnlIL1077P 1 A ASOY1092X 3 (025) 2C,IA Rsal/ASOExon 19: RI1162X 6 (0-5) 5C,IA DdeI/ASO3659delC 3 (025) 3C ASOExon 20: G1244E 2 2A MboIIS1251N 2 2C RsaI3905insT 4 (0-33) 4C PAGE/ASOW1282X 18 (105) 15B,1D MnlI/ASOR1283K 1 C Mnll/sequenceExon 21: N1303K 22 (1-8) 18B,lA,ID Modified primers+BstNI 47 mutations 1031 (85 9) least one CF chromosome (table): 21 of them are very rare as they were found on only one CF chromosome in our population. Login to comment

[hide] Sensitivity of single-strand conformation polymorp... Hum Mol Genet. 1994 May;3(5):801-7. Ravnik-Glavac M, Glavac D, Dean M
Sensitivity of single-strand conformation polymorphism and heteroduplex method for mutation detection in the cystic fibrosis gene.
Hum Mol Genet. 1994 May;3(5):801-7., [PMID:7521710]

Abstract [show]
The gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF) contains 27 coding exons and more than 300 independent mutations have been identified. An efficient and optimized strategy is required to identify additional mutations and/or to screen patient samples for the presence of known mutations. We have tested several different conditions for performing single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in order to determine the efficiency of the method and to identify the optimum conditions for mutation detection. Each exon and corresponding exon boundaries were amplified. A panel of 134 known CF mutations were used to test the efficiency of detection of mutations. The SSCP conditions were varied by altering the percentage and cross-linking of the acrylamide, employing MDE (an acrylamide substitute), and by adding sucrose and glycerol. The presence of heteroduplexes could be detected on most gels and in some cases contributed to the ability to distinguish certain mutations. Each analysis condition detected 75-98% of the mutations, and all of the mutations could be detected by at least one condition. Therefore, an optimized SSCP analysis can be used to efficiently screen for mutations in a large gene.

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No. Sentence Comment
121 1078delT (35), L327R (Ravnik-Glavac a al., unpublished), R334W (36), D36K (31), R347L (26), R347P (14), A349V (26), R352Q (30), 1221delCT (34); Exon 8: W401X (31), 1342-1G-C (25); Exon 9: G458V (37), 1525 -1G-A (38); Exon 10: S492F (34), Q493X (39), 1609delCA (40,17), deltaI507 (39,41), deltaF5O8 (3), 1717-1G-A (39,42); Exon 11: G542X (39), S549N, G551D, R553X (43), R553Q (44), A559T (43), R560K (Fine et al., pers. comm.), R560T (39); Exon 12: Y563N (39), 1833delT (Schwartz et al., pers. comm.), P574H (39), 1898 + 1G-C (31), 1898+3A-G (Ferrari et al., pers. comm.); Exon 13: G628R(G-C) (31), Q685X (Firec et al., pers. comm.), K716X (26), L719X (Dork etal., pers. comm.), 2522insC (15), 2556insAT (45), E827X (34); Exon 14a: E831X (Ffrec et al., pers. comm.), R851X (29), 2721delll (31), C866Y (Audrezet et al., pers. comm.); Exon 14b: 2789+5G-A (Highsmith et al., pers. comm.); Exon 15: 2907denT (21), 2991del32 (Dark and TQmmler, pers. comm.), G970R (31); Exon 16: S977P, 3100insA (D6rk et al., pers. comm.); Exon 17a: I1005R (Dork and TQmmler, pers. comm.), 3272-1G-A (46); Exon 17b: H1054D (F6rec et al., pers. comm.), G1061R (Fdrec et al., pers. comm.), 332Oins5, R1066H, A1067T (34), R1066L (Fe"rec etal., pers. comm.), R1070Q (46), E1104X (Zielenski el al., pers. comm.), 3359delCT (46), L1077P (Bozon « a/., pers. comm.), H1085R (46), Y1092X (Bozon etal., pers. comm.), W1098R, M1101K (Zielenski et al., pers. comm.); Exon 18: D1152H (Highsmith et al., pers. comm.); Exon 19:R1162X (36), 3659delC (39), 3662delA (25), 3667del4 (Chillon et al., pers. comm.), 3737ddA (35), 3821ddT (15), I1234V (35), S1235R (31), Q1238X (26), 3849G-A (25), 385O-3T-G (38); Exon20:3860ins31 (Chillon etal., pers. comm.), S1255X (47), 3898insC (26), 3905insT (Malik et al., pers. comm.), D127ON (48), W1282X (49), Q1291R (Dork et al., pers. comm.), Exon 21: N1303H (35), N13O3K (50), W1316X (43); Exon 22: 11328L/4116delA (Dork and TQmmler, pers. comm.), E1371X (25); Exon 23: 4374+ 1G-T (38); Exon 24: 4382delA (Claustres et al., pers. comm.). Login to comment

[hide] Identification of 12 novel mutations in the CFTR g... Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):51-4. Audrezet MP, Mercier B, Guillermit H, Quere I, Verlingue C, Rault G, Ferec C
Identification of 12 novel mutations in the CFTR gene.
Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jan;2(1):51-4., [PMID:7683952]

Abstract [show]
Over 200 mutations, besides the deletion delta F508, have been identified in the CFTR gene and are known to cause CF. In order to characterize the molecular defects of non delta F508 CF chromosomes of various French origin, we have combined the techniques of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and direct sequencing to screen for mutations in the whole coding sequence of the CFTR gene corresponding to the 27 exons and their exon-intron boundaries. This approach enabled us to identify 12 novel mutations which are described here. We have systematically tested a large number of other nucleotide changes distributed in the 27 exons, each of them was clearly detected. These data support the notion that the DGGE conditions we have defined for screening coding sequence of the CFTR gene allows the identification of most of, if not all, the CFTR gene mutations.

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60 Q1238X This C - T change, at position 3844, leads to a stop codon (TAG). Login to comment
62 His genotype was G542X/Q1238X. Login to comment
79 Lane 1: 3850-1 G-A, Lane 2: Q1238X, Lane 3: 2622 + 1 G-A, Lane 4: A349V, Lane 5: A534E. recently by DGGE resulting in high mutation detection rates, such as 95% in the factor Vm gene (25) or over 98% in the CFTR gene of the Breton population in the Celtic part of Brittany. Login to comment
91 The 3898 ins C in exon 20 is a frameshift mutation; the W57X, K716X, Q1238X and Q1313X are nonsense mutations. Login to comment

[hide] CFTR gene analysis in Latin American CF patients: ... J Cyst Fibros. 2007 May;6(3):194-208. Epub 2006 Sep 11. Perez MM, Luna MC, Pivetta OH, Keyeux G
CFTR gene analysis in Latin American CF patients: heterogeneous origin and distribution of mutations across the continent.
J Cyst Fibros. 2007 May;6(3):194-208. Epub 2006 Sep 11., [PMID:16963320]

Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent Mendelian disorder in European populations. Despite the fact that many Latin American countries have a predominant population of European-descent, CF has remained an unknown entity until recently. Argentina and Brazil have detected the first patients around three decades ago, but in most countries this disease has remained poorly documented. Recently, other countries started publishing their results. METHODS: We present a compilation and statistical analysis of the data obtained in 10 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela), with a total of 4354 unrelated CF chromosomes studied. RESULTS: The results show a wide distribution of 89 different mutations, with a maximum coverage of 62.8% of CF chromosomes/alleles in the patient's sample. Most of these mutations are frequent in Spain, Italy, and Portugal, consistent with the origin of the European settlers. A few African mutations are also present in those countries which were part of the slave trade. New mutations were also found, possibly originating in America. CONCLUSION: The profile of mutations in the CFTR gene, which reflects the heterogeneity of its inhabitants, shows the complexity of the molecular diagnosis of CF mutations in most of the Latin American countries.

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42 Some have concentrated in the search of specific mutations that are Table 1 Mutations found in the Latin American CF patients Exon 1 p.L6VÌe; Exon 3 p.W57X, p.R75X, p.G85E Exon 4 p.R117H Exon 6a p.H199Y, p.V201M, p.L206W, p.Q220X, p.V232D, c.846delTÌe; Exon 6b p.Y275XÌe;, c.935delA Exon 7 p.R334W, p.R347P, p.Y362XÌe;, c.1078delT, c.1215delG Exon 8 c.1323_1324insAÌe; Exon 9 c.1460_1461delATÌe;, c.1353_1354insTÌe;,# Exon 10 p.I506T, p.I507del, p.F508del Exon 11 p.G542X, p.S549N, p.S549R, p.G551D, p.G551S, p.R553X, p.L558S, p.A559T, c.1782delA Exon 12 p.S589I Exon 13 p.H609RÌe;, p.P750L, p.V754M, c.1924_1930del, c.2055_2063del, c.2183AA NG;c.2184delA, c.2184delA, c.2185_2186insC, c.2347delG, c.2566_2567insTÌe;, c.2594_2595delGTÌe; Exon 14a p.R851L, c.2686_2687insTÌe; Exon 15 c.2869_2870insG Exon 16 c.3120+1GNA Exon 17a p.I1027T, c.3171delC, c.3199_3204del Exon 17b p.G1061R, p.R1066C, p.W1069X#, p.W1089X, p.Y1092X, p.W1098CÌe; Exon 19 p.R1162X, p.W1204X, p.Q1238X, c.3617_3618delGAÌe;#, c.3659delC Exon 20 p.W1282X, p.R1283M Exon 21 p.N1303K, c.4016_4017insT Exon 22 c.4160_4161insGGGGÌe; 5' flanking c.-834GNT Intron 2 c.297-1GNAÌe;, c.297-2ANG Intron 3 c.406-1GNA Intron 4 c.621+1GNT Intron 5 c.711+1GNT Intron 8 c.IVS8-5T Intron 10 c.1716GNA, c.1717-1GNA Intron 11 c.1811+1.6KbANG, c.1812-1GNA Intron 12 c.1898+1GNA, c.1898+3ANG Intron 14 c.2789+2_2789+3insA, c.2789+5GNA Intron 17a c.3272-26ANG Intron 17b c.3500-2ANGÌe; Intron 19 c.3849+1GNA, c.3849+10KbCNT Intron 20 c.4005+1GNA, c.4005-1GNA# Mutations are listed according to their position in the gene. Login to comment
51 Table 2 p.I507del p.S549N p.S549R p.G551D p.G551S p.R553X p.L558S p.A559T p.S589I p.H609RÌe; p.P750L p.V754M p.R851L p.I1027T p.G1061R p.R1066C p.W1069X# p.W1089X p.Y1092X p.W1098CÌe; p.W1204X 3 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 1 2 3 1 3 0.24 1 0.08 1 0.08 6 0.48 2 0.16 1 0.08 1 0.08 4 0.32 1 0.08 1 4 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 10 0.54 1 0.05 2 0.11 3 0.16 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0.79 4 1.58 4 1 1 1 1 4 1.83 1 0.46 1 0.46 1 0.46 1 0.46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1.82 6 2.19 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 0.36 1 1.31 1 1.31 1 1.31 10 6 6 6 1 22 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 3 5 1 1 0.23 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.02 0.51 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.07 0.11 0.02 0.02 (continued on next page) Table 2 Mutation frequencies in Latin American CF patients Country p.Q1238X p.R1283M c.-834GNT c.297-1GNA* c.297-2ANG c.406-1GNA c.621+1GNT c.711+1GNT c.846delT* c.935delA c.1078delT c.1215delG c.1323_1324insA* c.1353_1354insT*# c.1460_1461delAT* Argentina 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 Subtotal and frequency (%) 1 0.08 1 0.08 4 0.32 1 0.08 1 0.08 1 0.08 Brazil 1 1 1 1 0 0 Subtotal and frequency (%) 1 0.05 2 0.11 1 0.05 Chile 0 0 Subtotal and frequency (%) Colombia 1 1 Subtotal and frequency (%) 1 0.46 1 0.46 Costa Rica Frequency (%) 0 Cuba Frequency (%) Ecuador Subtotal and frequency (%) Mexico 1 3 1 2 1 1 Subtotal and frequency (%) 1 0.36 3 1.09 1 0.36 1 0.36 2 0.73 1 0.36 Uruguay Frequency (%) 1 1.31 Venezuela Subtotal and frequency (%) Total 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Frequency (%) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 (continued ) Table 2 c.1716GNA c.1717-1GNA c.1782delA c.1811+1,6KbANG c.1812-1GNA c.1898+1GNA c.1898+3ANG c.1924_1930del c.2055_2063del c.2183AANG;c.2184delA c.2184delA c.2185_2186insC 5 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 2 2 6 0.48 1 0.08 6 0.48 2 0.16 1 0.08 1 0.08 1 0.08 1 0 6 5 1 3 0 0 0 0 7 0.37 5 0.27 1 0.05 3 0.16 0 0 12 1 12 5.50 1 0.46 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 0.36 1 0.36 2 0.73 2 0.73 1 1.31 1 14 1 18 5 3 1 1 2 6 1 1 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.41 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.14 0.02 0.02 (continued on next page) Table 2 Mutation frequencies in Latin American CF patients Country c.2347delG c.2566_2567insT* c.2594_2595delGT* c.2686_2687insT* c.2789+2_2789+3insA c.2789+5GNA c.2869_2870insG c.3120+1GNA c.3171delC c.3199_3204del c.3272-26ANG c.3500-2ANG* Argentina 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 Subtotal and frequency (%) 2 0.16 1 0.08 2 0.16 2 0.16 6 0.48 1 0.08 1 0.08 2 0.16 Brazil 2 1 1 1 6 0 0 4 0 Subtotal and frequency (%) 2 0.11 1 0.05 1 0.05 10 0.54 1 0.05 Chile Subtotal and frequency (%) Colombia 1 1 1 Subtotal and frequency (%) 1 0.46 1 0.46 1 0.46 Costa Rica Frequency (%) Cuba Frequency (%) Ecuador Subtotal and frequency (%) Mexico 2 Subtotal and frequency (%) 2 0.73 Uruguay Frequency (%) 1 1.31 Venezuela Subtotal and frequency (%) Total 2 2 1 3 2 9 1 12 1 2 2 1 Frequency (%) 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.21 0.02 0.28 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.02 (continued ) Table 2 c.3617_3618delGA*,# c.3659delC c.3849+1GNA c.3849+10kbCNT c.4005+1GNA c.4005-1GNA# c.4016_4017insT c.4160_4161insGGGG* c.IVS8-5T Unknown Authors 37 Aulehla-Scholz [17] 2 4 1 2 4 76 Visich [12] 1 78 Iba&#f1;ez [18] 54 Varela 2004 8 Prieto [19] 2 1 1 1 18 Oller-Ramirez 2004 4 0.32 6 0.48 1 0.08 1 0.08 2 0.16 5 0.40 271 21.75 205 Raskin [20] 32 Chiba [21] 1 89 Bernardino [22] 60 Marostica [23] 69 Parizotto [24] 99 Cabello [25,26] 33 Martins [27] 70 Streit [28] 0 5 120 Raskin [15] 0 0 12 Goloni-Bertollo [29] 1 0.05 5 0.27 789 42.46 48 Rios [30] 22 Molina [31] 1 11 Navarro [32] 0 3 34 Repetto [33] 4 1.58 115 45.63 1 67 Keyeux [14] 17 Restrepo [34] 1 0.46 84 38.53 0 25 52.08 Venegas [35] 95 65.97 Collazo [36] 20 Merino [37] 30 Cassiman 2004 15 Paz-y-Mino [38] 65 63.72 1 1 53 Orozco [13] 2 35 Villalobos [39] 3 1.09 1 0.36 88 32.11 11 14.47 Luzardo [40,41] 36 Restrepo [34] 41 Alvarado [42] 77 56.62 1 4 1 18 1 1 2 1 5 1620 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.41 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.11 37.21 Mutation frequencies in Latin American CF patients most frequently found in Caucasians, by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), enzymatic digestion, allele specific oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO), or using mainly commercial kits, whereas other studies used a systematic approach to analyse the promoter, coding and exon/ intron boundaries of the CFTR region in the search for any possible mutation. Login to comment
98 As an example, in the case of Argentina and Uruguay, the p.F508del mutation shows the highest frequencies (59% and Table 5 Mutations with frequencies less than 0.1% Panel A Mutation Number of chromosomes % Country p.R75X 3 0.07 Mexico c.W1089X 3 0.07 Argentina, Brazil c.406-1GNA 3 0.07 Mexico c.1898+1GNA 3 0.07 Argentina, Brazil c.2686_2687insTÌe; 3 0.07 Argentina, Brazil p.L206W 2 0.05 Brazil p.I506T 2 0.05 Mexico p.S589I 2 0.05 Argentina c.711+1GNT 2 0.05 Argentina c.935delA 2 0.05 Mexico c.2055_2063del 2 0.05 Mexico c.2347delG 2 0.05 Brazil c.2566_2567insTÌe; 2 0.05 Argentina c.2789+2_2789+3insA 2 0.05 Argentina c.3199_3204del 2 0.05 Mexico c.3272-26ANG 2 0.05 Argentina c.4016_4017insT 2 0.05 Argentina Panel B Mutation N % each Country p.L6VÌe;, p.W57X, p.Q220X, p.Y362XÌe;, p.I1027T, p.G1061R, p.R1283M, c.297-2ANG, c.1353_1354insTÌe;, c.1460_1461delATÌe;, c.1782delA, c.1898+3ANG, c.2184delA, c.2594_2595delGTÌe;, c.2869_2870insG, c.4005Ìe;1GNA, c.4005-1GNA# 17 0.02 Argentina p.R117H, p.H199Y, p.G551S, p.L558S, p.P750L, p.V754M, p.W1069X#, p.W1098CÌe;, p.W1204X, c.297-1GNAÌe;, c.846delTÌe;, c.1078delT, c.1716GNA, c.1924_1930del, c.4160_4161insGGGGÌe; 15 0.02 Mexico p.V201M, p.V232D, p.Y275XÌe;, p.R347P, p.R851L, p.Q1238X, c.3171delC, c.3617_3618delGAÌe;# 8 0.02 Brazil p.A559T, p.H609RÌe;, c.1215delG, c.1323_1324insAÌe;, c.2185_2186insC, c.3500-2ANGÌe;, c.3849+1GNA, 7 0.02 Colombia c.-834GNT 1 0.02 Uruguay The upper part (Panel A) shows the mutations found in more than one patient, whereas the lower part (Panel B) of the table shows all the mutations that are present only once in each country. Login to comment

[hide] Impact of heterozygote CFTR mutations in COPD pati... Respir Res. 2014 Feb 11;15:18. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-18. Raju SV, Tate JH, Peacock SK, Fang P, Oster RA, Dransfield MT, Rowe SM
Impact of heterozygote CFTR mutations in COPD patients with chronic bronchitis.
Respir Res. 2014 Feb 11;15:18. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-18., [PMID:24517344]

Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking causes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. CFTR ion transport dysfunction has been implicated in COPD pathogenesis, and is associated with chronic bronchitis. However, susceptibility to smoke induced lung injury is variable and the underlying genetic contributors remain unclear. We hypothesized that presence of CFTR mutation heterozygosity may alter susceptibility to cigarette smoke induced CFTR dysfunction. Consequently, COPD patients with chronic bronchitis may have a higher rate of CFTR mutations compared to the general population. METHODS: Primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from F508del CFTR heterozygotes and mice with (CFTR+/-) and without (CFTR+/+) CFTR heterozygosity were exposed to whole cigarette smoke (WCS); CFTR-dependent ion transport was assessed by Ussing chamber electrophysiology and nasal potential difference measurements, respectively. Caucasians with COPD and chronic bronchitis, age 40 to 80 with FEV1/FVC < 0.70 and FEV1 < 60% predicted, were selected for genetic analysis from participants in the NIH COPD Clinical Research Network's Azithromycin for Prevention of Exacerbations of COPD in comparison to 32,900 Caucasian women who underwent prenatal genetic testing. Genetic analysis involved an allele-specific genotyping of 89 CFTR mutations. RESULTS: Exposure to WCS caused a pronounced reduction in CFTR activity in both CFTR (+/+) cells and F508del CFTR (+/-) cells; however, neither the degree of decrement (44.7% wild-type vs. 53.5% F508del heterozygous, P = NS) nor the residual CFTR activity were altered by CFTR heterozygosity. Similarly, WCS caused a marked reduction in CFTR activity measured by NPD in both wild type and CFTR heterozygous mice, but the severity of decrement (91.1% wild type vs. 47.7% CF heterozygous, P = NS) and the residual activity were not significantly affected by CFTR genetic status. Five of 127 (3.9%) COPD patients with chronic bronchitis were heterozygous for CFTR mutations which was not significantly different from controls (4.5%) (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of WCS induced reductions in CFTR activity was not affected by the presence of CFTR mutation heterozygosity. CFTR mutations do not increase the risk of COPD with chronic bronchitis. CFTR dysfunction due to smoking is primarily an acquired phenomenon and is not affected by the presence of congenital CFTR mutations.

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81 As expected based on genotype-phenotype correlations in the disease [33], HBE cells derived from a F508del CFTR heterozygote had slightly lower CFTR activity at baseline than wild type monolayers as measured by Table 1 List of CFTR mutations analyzed F508del R117H 1717-1G > A R117C G85E R334W 1898 + 1G > A Y122X A455E R347P 2184delA G178R I507del R553X 2789 + 5G > A G314E G542X R560T 3120 + 1G > A G330X G551D W1282X 3659delC R347H N1303K 621 + 1G > T K710X 406-1G > A R1162X 711 + 1G > T E60X G480C R1066C W1089X V520F A559T S1196X Q1238X S1251N S1255X 663delT 935delA 1161delC 1288insTA 2184insA 2307insA 2711delT 2869insG R709X R764X R1158X 574delA Q493X 1898 + 5G > T 3905insT I506T 3849 + 10kbC > T 712-1G > T Q98R Q552X S549N 1078delT H199Y 444delA S549R (T > G) 2143delT P205S 2043delG 1811 + 1.6kbA > G 3272-26A > G L206W 3791delC Y1092X (C > G) 3199del6 F508C 2108delA Y1092X (C > A) D1152H V520I 3667del4 394delTT 3876delA M1101K 1677delTA W1098X (TGA) 1812-1G > A 4016insT 1609delCA 3171delC response to forskolin stimulation (49.3 &#b1; 11.5 bc;A/cm2 in CFTR (+/+) vs. 40.5 &#b1; 5.3 bc;A/cm2 in CFTR (+/-), although this was not statistically significant (Figure 1A,B). Login to comment