ABCMdb

ABCC6 p.Arg1221His

LOVD-ABCC6:	p.Arg1221Cys D p.Arg1221His D
Predicted by SNAP2:	A: D (95%), C: D (95%), D: D (95%), E: D (95%), F: D (95%), G: D (95%), H: D (95%), I: D (95%), K: D (95%), L: D (95%), M: D (95%), N: D (95%), P: D (95%), Q: D (95%), S: D (95%), T: D (95%), V: D (95%), W: D (95%), Y: D (95%),
Predicted by PROVEAN:	A: D, C: D, D: D, E: D, F: D, G: D, H: D, I: D, K: D, L: D, M: D, N: D, P: D, Q: D, S: D, T: D, V: D, W: D, Y: D,

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[hide] Acute myocardial infarction and a new ABCC6 mutati... Int J Cardiol. 2007 Mar 20;116(2):261-2. Epub 2006 Jul 18. Kiec-Wilk B, Surdacki A, Dembinska-Kiec A, Michalowska J, Stachura-Deren M, Dubiel JS, Dudek D, Rakowski T, Szastak G, Bodzioch M, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G
Acute myocardial infarction and a new ABCC6 mutation in a 16-year-old boy with pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
Int J Cardiol. 2007 Mar 20;116(2):261-2. Epub 2006 Jul 18., 2007-03-20 [PMID:16854481]

Abstract [show]
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is caused by mutations of the ABCC6 gene. We hereby report a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with clinical features dominated by early coronary involvement in addition to typical skin and ocular abnormalities. A 16-year-old survivor of acute myocardial infarction with 3-vessel coronary artery disease exhibited compound heterozygosity for the well-known nonsense mutation (c.3421C>T; R1141X) in exon 24 and a novel missense mutation (c.3662G>A; R1221H) in exon 26 of the ABCC6 gene.

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2 A 16-year-old survivor of acute myocardial infarction with 3-vessel coronary artery disease exhibited compound heterozygosity for the well-known nonsense mutation (c.3421C>T; R1141X) in exon 24 and a novel missense mutation (c.3662G>A; R1221H) in exon 26 of the ABCC6 gene. Login to comment
22 The PXE boy exhibited compound heterozygosity for the well-recognized mutation (c.3421C>T; R1141X) in exon 24, and a novel one (c.3662G>A; R1221H) in exon 26 (Fig. 2). Login to comment
26 We suggest that the coincidence of the heterozygous R1141X mutation and a novel one (c.3662G>A; R1221H) in exon 26 on the other allele might have been responsible for PXE in the presented case. Login to comment

[hide] Mutation detection in the ABCC6 gene and genotype-... J Med Genet. 2007 Oct;44(10):621-8. Epub 2007 Jul 6. Pfendner EG, Vanakker OM, Terry SF, Vourthis S, McAndrew PE, McClain MR, Fratta S, Marais AS, Hariri S, Coucke PJ, Ramsay M, Viljoen D, Terry PF, De Paepe A, Uitto J, Bercovitch LG
Mutation detection in the ABCC6 gene and genotype-phenotype analysis in a large international case series affected by pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
J Med Genet. 2007 Oct;44(10):621-8. Epub 2007 Jul 6., [PMID:17617515]

Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive disorder with considerable phenotypic variability, mainly affects the eyes, skin and cardiovascular system, characterised by dystrophic mineralization of connective tissues. It is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 (ATP binding cassette family C member 6) gene, which encodes MRP6 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 6). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mutation spectrum of ABCC6 and possible genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: Mutation data were collected on an international case series of 270 patients with PXE (239 probands, 31 affected family members). A denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay was developed to screen for mutations in all 31 exons, eliminating pseudogene coamplification. In 134 patients with a known phenotype and both mutations identified, genotype-phenotype correlations were assessed. RESULTS: In total, 316 mutant alleles in ABCC6, including 39 novel mutations, were identified in 239 probands. Mutations were found to cluster in exons 24 and 28, corresponding to the second nucleotide-binding fold and the last intracellular domain of the protein. Together with the recurrent R1141X and del23-29 mutations, these mutations accounted for 71.5% of the total individual mutations identified. Genotype-phenotype analysis failed to reveal a significant correlation between the types of mutations identified or their predicted effect on the expression of the protein and the age of onset and severity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasises the principal role of ABCC6 mutations in the pathogenesis of PXE, but the reasons for phenotypic variability remain to be explored.

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262 Genotype-phenotype correlations The comparison of subjects whose mutations would probably have resulted in no functional protein with those whose mutations would probably have resulted in some functional Table 2 Distinct mutations identified in the international case series of 271 patients with PXE Nucleotide change*À Predicted consequenceÀ Frequency (alleles) Exon-intron location Domain affected` Mutant alleles (%) References1 c.105delA p.S37fsX80 2 2 0.6 28 c.177-185del9 p.R60_Y62del 1 2 0.3 9, 28 c.179del12ins3 p. R60_W64del L60_R61ins 1 2 0.3 c.220-1gRc SJ 1 IVS 2 0.3 c.724gRt p.E242X 1 7 0.3 c.938insT FS 1 8 0.3 25 c.998+2delT SJ 1 IVS 8 0.3 2, 21 c.998+2del2 SJ 1 IVS 8 0.3 18 c.951cRg p.S317R 2 9 TM6 0.6 28 c.1087cRt p.Q363X 1 9 0.3 c.1091gRa p.T364R 1 9 TM7 0.3 9, 19, 21, 28 c.1132cRt p.Q378X 4 9 1.2 9, 17-19, 28, 37 c.1144cRt p.R382W 2 9 IC4 0.6 c.1171aRg p.R391G 3 9 IC4 0.9 9, 18, 28, 37 c.1176gRc p.K392N 1 9 IC4 0.3 c.1388tRa p.L463H 1 11 TM9 0.3 c.1484tRa p.L495H 1 12 IC5 0.3 28 c.1552cRt p.R518X 2 12 0.6 18, 19, 27, 28, 37 c.1553gRa p.R518Q 4 12 IC5 1.2 18, 19, 24, 28, 31 c.1603tRc p.S535P 1 12 TM10 0.3 c.1703tRc p.F568S 1 13 TM11 0.3 24 c.1798cRt p.R600C 1 14 TM11 0.3 c.1857insC FS 1 14 0.3 c.1987gRt p.G663C 1 16 NBF1 0.3 c.1999delG FS 1 16 0.3 c.2070+5GRA SJ 2 IVS 16 0.6 c.2093aRc p.Q698P 2 17 NBF1 0.6 c.2097gRt p.E699D 1 17 NBF1 0.3 c.2177tRc p.L726P 1 17 NBF1 0.3 c.2237ins10 FS 2 17 0.6 c.2252tRa p.M751K 1 18 NBF1 0.3 20, 37 c.2263gRa p.G755R 2 18 NBF1 0.6 c.2278cRt p.R760W 3 18 NBF1 0.9 20, 28, 32, 37 c.2294gRa p.R765Q 2 18 NBF1 0.6 20-22, 25, 28, 32, 37 c.2329gRa p.D777N 1 18 NBF1 0.3 c.2359gRt p.V787I 1 18 NBF1 0.3 c.2432cRt p.T811M 1 19 IC6 0.3 6 c.2643gRt p.R881S 1 20 IC6 0.3 c.2787+1GRT SJ 9 IVS 21 2.8 17, 20, 24, 28, 31, 37 c.2814cRg p.Y938X 1 22 0.3 c.2820insC FS 1 22 0.3 c.2831cRt p.T944I 1 22 TM12 0.3 c.2848gRa p.A950T 1 22 TM12 0.3 c.2974gRc p.G992R 1 22 TM13 0.3 2, 42 c.3340cRt p.R1114C 2 24 IC8 0.6 19, 28, 32, 37, 41 c.3389cRt p.T1130M 3 24 IC8 0.9 18, 19, 21, 22, 28, 30, 32, 37, 41 c.3398gRc p.G1133A 1 24 IC8 0.3 c.3412gRa p.R1138W 7 24 IC8 2.2 28, 30, 37 c.3413cRt p.R1138Q 7 24 IC8 2.2 18, 19, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 37, 41 c.3415gRa p.A1139T 2 24 IC8 0.6 c.3415gRa & c.2070+5GRA* p.A1139T & SJ 1 24, IVS 16 IC8 0.3 c.3415gRa & c.4335delG* p.A1139T & FS 1 24, 30 IC8 0.3 c.3421cRt p.R1141X 92 24 29.3 5, 9, 15,18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28, 30-32, 33, 37, 41 c.3427cRt p.Q1143X 1 24 0.3 c.3490cRt p.R1164X 15 24 4.7 18, 27, 28, 31, 33 c.3491gRa p.R1164Q 1 24 IC8 0.3 28 c.3661cRt p.R1221C 1 26 IC9 0.3 21, 22, 28, 29 c.3662gRa p.R1221H 2 26 IC9 0.6 40 c.3676cRa p.L1226I 1 26 IC9 0.3 c.3722gRa p.W1241X 2 26 0.6 c.3774insC FS 2 27 0.6 c.3775delT p.G1259fsX1272 3 27 0.9 15, 25, 28, 41 c.3880-3882del p.K1294del 1 27 0.3 c.3883-5GRA SJ 1 IVS 27 0.3 c.3892gRt p.V1298F 1 28 NBF2 0.3 25 c.3904gRa p.G1302R 7 28 NBF2 2.2 21, 22, 25, 28 c.3907gRc p.A1303P 1 28 NBF2 0.3 21, 22, 25, 28 c.3912delG FS 1 28 0.3 28 c.3940cRt p.R1314W 4 28 NBF2 1.2 24, 25, 32, 36 c.3941gRa p.R1314Q 1 28 NBF2 0.3 25, 28, 32, 36, 41 c.4004tRa p.L1335Q 1 28 NBF2 0.3 c.4015cRt p.R1339C 16 28 NBF2 5.0 19, 25, 28, 33 c.4016gRa p.R1339H 2 28 NBF2 0.6 c.4025tRc p.I1342T 1 28 NBF2 0.3 protein did not yield significant differences. Login to comment

[hide] Novel clinico-molecular insights in pseudoxanthoma... Hum Mutat. 2008 Jan;29(1):205. Vanakker OM, Leroy BP, Coucke P, Bercovitch LG, Uitto J, Viljoen D, Terry SF, Van Acker P, Matthys D, Loeys B, De Paepe A
Novel clinico-molecular insights in pseudoxanthoma elasticum provide an efficient molecular screening method and a comprehensive diagnostic flowchart.
Hum Mutat. 2008 Jan;29(1):205., [PMID:18157818]

Abstract [show]
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by ocular, cutaneous and cardiovascular manifestations. It is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene (chr. 16p13.1), encoding a transmembrane transporter protein, the substrate and biological function of which are currently unknown. A comprehensive clinical and molecular study of 38 Belgian PXE probands and 21 relatives (4 affected and 17 carriers) was performed. An extensive clinical evaluation protocol was implemented with serial fundus, skin and cardiovascular evaluation. We report on 14 novel mutations in the ABCC6 gene. We observed extensive variability in severity of both cutaneous and ocular lesions. The type of skin lesion however usually remained identical throughout the evolution of the disorder, while ophthalmological progression was mainly due to functional decline. Peripheral artery disease (53%) and stroke (15%) were significantly more prevalent than in the general population (10-30% and 0.3-0.5% respectively). Interestingly, we also observed a relatively high incidence of subclinical peripheral artery disease (41%) in our carrier population. We highlight the significance of peripheral artery disease and stroke in PXE patients as well as the subclinical manifestations in carriers. Through follow-up data we gained insight into the natural history of PXE. We propose a cost- and time-efficient two-step method of ABCC6 analysis which can be used in different populations. Additionally, we created a diagnostic flowchart and attempted to define the role of molecular analysis of ABCC6 in the work-up of a PXE patient.

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83 Genotype and Phenotype of 42 Belgian PXE Patients Patient S e x Age/Clinical score at initial presentation Age/Clinical score at most recent follow-up Mutations* Allele 1 Allele 2 01-001 F 52 - S0, E2 65 - S0, E3, HT p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R760Q c.2279G>A 02-001 M 18 - S1, E2, VR-I 18 - S1, E2, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 03-001 F 59 - S1, E4 75 - S1, E4, HT, IC, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.N793L c.2379C>G 04-001 F 36 - S3, E2 36 - S3, E2 p.N466Y c.1396A>T p.R1339H c.4016G>A 05-001 F 26 - S1, E4 43 - S3, E4, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.T364M c.1091C>T 06-001 F 36 - S2, E4 44 - S2, E4, P p.A1303P c.3907G>C None found - 07-001 M 48 - S1, E2, HT 58 - S1, E4, HT p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 08-001 F 26 - S1, E0 44 - S2, E2 p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R760Q c.2279G>A 09-001 M 49 - S0, E3, P, GIB 65 - S2, E4, P, HT, VR-I, GIB p.A1303P c.3907G>C None found - 10-001 F 46 - S1, E2 63 - S3, E4, HT, AP,VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 11-001 M 25 - S1, E2, GIB 37 - S1, E3, GIB p.R1141X c.3421C>T None found - 12-001 F 52 - S1, E4, CI, HT, VR-I 52 - S1, E4, IC, HT, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 12-002 F 40 - S1, E2, HT, MVP, VR-I 40 - S1, E2, HT, MVP, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 13-001 F 65 - S0, E2 80 - S0, E2, P, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 13-002 F 57 - S3, E4 73 - S3, E4, HT, CI, VR-I p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 14-001 F 23 - S1, E2 27 - S1, E2 p.S398R c.1194C>G - c.3364delT 15-001 F 27 - S1, E2 27 - S1, E2 p.R1138W c.3412C>T p.R1221H c.3662G>A 16-001 M 51 - S2, E2 54 - S2, E2 p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 17-001 M 42 - S1, E3, IC 58 - S1, E3, IC Del23-29 - p.R518Q c.1553G>A 18-001 M 63 - S1, E4 63 - S1, E4 p.E1400K c.4198G>A None found - 19-001 F 34 - S2, E2 50 - S2, E2 p.A1303P c.3907G>C p.R1398X c.4192C>T 20-001 F 52 - S2, E2, HT, IC, GIB 68 - S2, E4, HT, IC, GIB p.R1141X c.3421C>T None found - 21-001 M 20 - S1, E2 26 - S1, E2 p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 22-001 M 53 - S2, E2, IC, AP 69 - S2, E2, HT, IC, AP p.M751K c.2252T>A p.R1164Q c.3491G>A 23-001 F 20 - S1, E2 27 - S1, E2, P, VR-I p.G666V c.1996G>T - c.1868-5T>G 24-001 M 54 - S1, E2 57 - S1, E2 p.T500P c.1498A>C p.E521D c.1563G>C 25-001 F 50 - S1, E3, HT, MI 57 - S2, E3, HT, MI p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 26-001 M 52 - S2, E4, HT 68 - S2, E4, HT, CI p.M751K c.2252T>A Del23-29 - 27-001 F 61 - S3, E4 68 - S3, E4, P, CI, AP p.R1141X c.3421C>T - c.4104delC Allele 2 28-001 F 31 - S1, E2 32 - S1, E2 - c.1674DelC p.R765W c.2293C>T Patient S e x Age/Clinical score at initial presentation Age/Clinical score at most recent follow-up Mutations* Allele 1 Allele 2 29-001 M 30 - S1, E3 32 - S1, E3 p.E125K c.373G>A p.L1025P c.3074T>C 30-001 M 65 - S0, E2, HT, CI, MI 66 - S0, E2, HT, CI, MI p.G1405S c.4213G>A None found - 31-001 F 38 - S1, E4 39 - S1, E4 p.R1141X c.3421C>T Del23-29 - 32-001 M 22 - S1, E2 36 - S1, E2 p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R518Q c.1553G>A 33-001 F 45 - S2, E3, P 61 - S2, E3, P, VR-II p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.R1141X c.3421C>T 34-001 F 65 - S1, E4, HT 81 - S1, E4, HT, AP p.R1141X c.3421C>T p.T1301I c.3902C>T 35-001 F 62 - S2, E2 78 - S2, E2, HT - c.175_179del p.G1354R c.4060G>C 35-002 F 58 - S2, E2 74 - S2, E4 - c.175_179del p.G1354R c.4060G>C 35-003 M 67 - S2, E2 79 - S2, E3, HT, VR-I - c.175_179del p.G1354R c.4060G>C 36-001 M 53 - S1, E4 59 - S1, E4, HT, AP p.R1114H c.3341G>A p.Q1237X c.3709C>T 37-001 M 18 - S3, E2 18 - S3, E2 p.Q981H c.2943G>T - c.3507-3C>A 38-001 F 27 - S1, E2 27 - S1, E2 p.G1263R c.3787G>A - c.4182delG Table 1 represents the sex of all patients (M = male; F= female) and the age (in years - italics), respectively at initial presentation and last follow-up. Login to comment

[hide] ABCC6 mutations in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: an up... Mol Vis. 2008 Jan 24;14:118-24. Plomp AS, Florijn RJ, Ten Brink J, Castle B, Kingston H, Martin-Santiago A, Gorgels TG, de Jong PT, Bergen AA
ABCC6 mutations in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: an update including eight novel ones.
Mol Vis. 2008 Jan 24;14:118-24., [PMID:18253096]

Abstract [show]
PURPOSE: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disorder of connective tissue, affecting the retina, the skin, and the cardiovascular system. PXE is caused by mutations in ABCC6. Up to now, the literature reports that there are 180 different ABCC6 mutations in PXE. The purpose of this paper is to report eight novel mutations in ABCC6 and to update the spectrum and frequency of ABCC6 mutations in PXE patients. METHODS: Eye, skin, and DNA examinations were performed using standard methodologies. We newly investigated the gene in 90 probands by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) and direct sequencing. We examined a total of 166 probands. RESULTS: Eight novel ABCC6 mutations (c.1685T>C, p.Met562Thr; c.2477T>C, p.Leu826Pro; c.2891G>C, p.Arg964Pro; c.3207C>A, p.Tyr1069X; c.3364delT, p.Ser1122fs; c.3717T>G, p.Tyr1293X; c.3871G>A, p.Ala1291Thr; c.4306_4312del, p.Thr1436fs) were found in seven unrelated patients. Currently, our mutation detection score is at least one ABCC6 mutation in 87% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of PXE. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that ABCC6 is the most important, and probably the only, causative gene of PXE. In total, 188 different ABCC6 mutations have now been reported in PXE in the literature.

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65 In case 1, analysis of ABCC6 revealed two mutations, the earlier reported c.3662G>A (p.Arg1221His) [24] and the novel mutation c.1685T>C (Met562Thr). Login to comment

[hide] Mutation analysis (ABCC6) in a family with pseudox... Br J Dermatol. 2010 Sep;163(3):641-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09856.x. Epub 2010 May 11. Li Q, Torok L, Kocsis L, Uitto J
Mutation analysis (ABCC6) in a family with pseudoxanthoma elasticum: presymptomatic testing with prognostic implications.
Br J Dermatol. 2010 Sep;163(3):641-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09856.x. Epub 2010 May 11., [PMID:20491760]

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17 The analysis of the ABCC6 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of all exons and flanking intronic sequences, followed by automated nucleotide sequencing, as described previously.2 Two homozygous sequence variants were identified in the ABCC6 gene of the proband: p.R1221H and p.R1268Q. Login to comment
20 Previously, p.R1221H has been identified as a pathogenic mutation in a patient with PXE.6 Furthermore, the arginine in the position 1221 is evolutionarily highly conserved (Fig. Login to comment
22 In contrast, the p.R1268Q sequence variant has been suggested to be a relatively common polymorphism with an allelic frequency of ~30% in healthy Caucasian and Japanese populations.7,8 Collectively, it appears that p.R1221H is the pathogenic mutation resulting in PXE, when present in both alleles, as in the case of the proband of this study. Login to comment
32 (b) Sequencing of the proband`s ABCC6 gene revealed that the arginine in position 1221 in control DNA is replaced by homozygous substitution by histidine (p.R1221H) reflecting G-to-A nucleotide substitution (arrow) and confirming the diagnosis of PXE. Login to comment
33 The 13-year old younger brother (II-3) is a heterozygous carrier of the p.R1221H substitution and is consequently predicted not to develop PXE, similar to his parents. Login to comment
34 The mutation p.R1221H cosegregates in the family with an allelic polymorphism, p.R1268Q (a). Login to comment

[hide] Parameters of oxidative stress are present in the ... Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Jul-Aug;1782(7-8):474-81. Epub 2008 May 10. Garcia-Fernandez MI, Gheduzzi D, Boraldi F, Paolinelli CD, Sanchez P, Valdivielso P, Morilla MJ, Quaglino D, Guerra D, Casolari S, Bercovitch L, Pasquali-Ronchetti I
Parameters of oxidative stress are present in the circulation of PXE patients.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Jul-Aug;1782(7-8):474-81. Epub 2008 May 10., [PMID:18513494]

Abstract [show]
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited disorder characterized by calcification of elastic fibres leading to dermatological and vascular alterations associated to premature aged features and to life threatening clinical manifestations. The severity of the disease is independent from the type of mutation in the ABCC6 gene, and it has been suggested that local and/or systemic factors may contribute to the occurrence of clinical phenotype. The redox balance in the circulation of 27 PXE patients and of 50 healthy subjects of comparable age was evaluated by measuring the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), the lipid peroxidation derivatives (LOOH), the circulating total antioxidant status (TAS), the thiol content and the extracellular superoxide dismutase activity (EC-SOD). Patients were diagnosed by clinical, ultrastructural and molecular findings. Compared to control subjects, PXE patients exhibited significantly lower antioxidant potential, namely circulating TAS and free thiol groups, and higher levels of parameters of oxidative damage, as LOOH and of AOPP, and of circulating EC-SOD activity. Interestingly, the ratio between oxidant and antioxidant parameters was significantly altered in PXE patients and related to various score indices. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that several parameters of oxidative stress are modified in the blood of PXE patients and that the redox balance is significantly altered compared to control subjects of comparable age. Therefore, in PXE patients the circulating impaired redox balance may contribute to the occurrence of several clinical manifestations in PXE patients, and/or to the severity of disease, thus opening new perspectives for their management.

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No. Sentence Comment
74 Table 1 Clinical data of patients Patients' gender/age Clinical scores Mutations Allele 1 Allele 2 M/10 S2E2 c.3413GNA (p.R1138Q) c.3413GNA (p.R1138Q) F/16 S1 c.1171ANG (p.R391G) c.1552CNT (p.R518X) F/18 S3E2V2 c.1484TNA (p.L495H) c.1484TNA (p.L495H) F/21 S2E2 c.2420GNA (p.R807Q) ND F/21 S2E2 c.184TNC (p.Y62H) c.2996_4208del (p.A999_S1403del) F/24 S2E2 c.1799GNA (p.R600H) c.2420GNA (p.R807Q) F/27 S3E2 c.184TNC (p.Y62H) c.2996_4208del (p.A999_S1403del) F/30 S2E2G1 c.2996_4208del (p.A999_S1403del) c.4198GNA (p.E1400K) F/30 S2E3 c.2996_4208del (p.A999_S1403del) c.4198GNA (p.E1400K) M/30 S2E1 c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) c.3735GNA F/32 S2 c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) c.3735GNA F/33 S3E2 c.1987GNA (p.G663S) ND F/33 S3E3 c.1609_1609delG (p.V537fsX26) c.1763_1769del ins56 F/36 S3E2V3 c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) ND F/36 S3E3V2G1 c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) M/39 S1E2V2 c.1552CNT (p.R518X) c.2996_4208del (p.A999_S1403del) M/42 S1E3V2G1 c.1552CNT (p.R518X) c.2996_4208del (p.A999_S1403del) F/43 S3E3 c.1552CNT (p.R518X) c.1552CNT (p.R518X) F/44 S3E2 c.3341GNA (p.R1114H) c.3542GNA (p.G1181D) F/45 S3E3V2C1G1 c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) F/48 S2E2V2 c.1553GNA (p.R518Q) ND M/51 S1E3 c.3662GNA (p.R1221H) ND F/52 S3E3V2 c.3088CNT (p.R1030X) c.3088CNT (p.R1030X) M/54 S1E2G1 c.1799GNA (p.R600H) c.3941GNA (p.R1314Q) F/56 S3E3V2 c.3662GNA (p.R1221H) ND F/60 S2E3V2C1G1 c.951CNA (p.S317R) c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) F/62 S2E3 c.1552CNT (p.R518X) c.3421CNT (p.R1141X) Scores describe the severity of clinical manifestations. Login to comment

[hide] Molecular docking simulations provide insights in ... PLoS One. 2014 Jul 25;9(7):e102779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102779. eCollection 2014. Hosen MJ, Zubaer A, Thapa S, Khadka B, De Paepe A, Vanakker OM
Molecular docking simulations provide insights in the substrate binding sites and possible substrates of the ABCC6 transporter.
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 25;9(7):e102779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102779. eCollection 2014., [PMID:25062064]

Abstract [show]
The human ATP-binding cassette family C member 6 (ABCC6) gene encodes an ABC transporter protein (ABCC6), primarily expressed in liver and kidney. Mutations in the ABCC6 gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by ectopic mineralization of the elastic fibers. The pathophysiology underlying PXE is incompletely understood, which can at least partly be explained by the undetermined nature of the ABCC6 substrates as well as the unknown substrate recognition and binding sites. Several compounds, including anionic glutathione conjugates (N-ethylmaleimide; NEM-GS) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were shown to be modestly transported in vitro; conversely, vitamin K3 (VK3) was demonstrated not to be transported by ABCC6. To predict the possible substrate binding pockets of the ABCC6 transporter, we generated a 3D homology model of ABCC6 in both open and closed conformation, qualified for molecular docking and virtual screening approaches. By docking 10 reported in vitro substrates in our ABCC6 3D homology models, we were able to predict the substrate binding residues of ABCC6. Further, virtual screening of 4651 metabolites from the Human Serum Metabolome Database against our open conformation model disclosed possible substrates for ABCC6, which are mostly lipid and biliary secretion compounds, some of which are found to be involved in mineralization. Docking of these possible substrates in the closed conformation model also showed high affinity. Virtual screening expands this possibility to explore more compounds that can interact with ABCC6, and may aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to PXE.

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Sentences [show]
No. Sentence Comment
233 (Arg1221Cys) R1221 3662G.A R1221H Missense 26 p. Login to comment
234 (Arg1221His) W1223 3668G.A W1223X Nonsense 26 p. Login to comment