ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile
LOVD-ABCC6: |
p.Leu946Ile
D
|
Predicted by SNAP2: | A: D (85%), C: D (85%), D: D (95%), E: D (95%), F: D (75%), G: D (91%), H: D (91%), I: N (87%), K: D (95%), M: D (71%), N: D (91%), P: D (95%), Q: D (91%), R: D (95%), S: D (91%), T: D (85%), V: D (80%), W: D (91%), Y: D (85%), |
Predicted by PROVEAN: | A: N, C: D, D: D, E: D, F: N, G: D, H: D, I: N, K: D, M: N, N: D, P: D, Q: D, R: D, S: D, T: N, V: N, W: D, Y: N, |
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[hide] Heterozygous carriers of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum ... J Neurol. 2003 Aug;250(8):983-6. Morcher M, Hausser I, Brandt T, Grond-Ginsbach C
Heterozygous carriers of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum were not found among patients with cervical artery dissections.
J Neurol. 2003 Aug;250(8):983-6., [PMID:12928920]
Abstract [show]
In this study of patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissections (sCAD) we searched for mutations in ABCC6, the candidate gene for Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Genomic DNA samples from 12 sCAD patients with pronounced electron microscopic alterations in their dermal connective tissue and from 2 patients with PXE were analysed. One patient with PXE was compound heterozygous for two missense point mutations, in the second patient with PXE we did not find changes in the ABCC6 gene. We observed several missense mutations (H623Q, R3190W and R1268Q) in the patients with sCAD, but these mutations were not disease specific,since they were also detected in a series of 25 healthy control subjects.The finding of several sequence variants in sCAD patients and of disease causing mutations in one of the PXE patients suggests that our strategy of mutation search is reliable. Since we did not find disease causing mutations in our series of patients with sCAD we suggest that ABCC6 is not a candidate gene for sCAD.
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No. Sentence Comment
45 However, the R1141X muTable ABCC6sequencevariationin12patientswithsCADand2patientswithPXE exon nucleotide Amino-acid Occurrence Occurrence position change among patients among controls 10 1233T¡C synonymous sCAD not tested 10 1245G¡A synonymous sCAD not tested 15 1890C¡G synonymous sCAD not tested 15 1896C¡A H623Q sCAD + 19 2490C¡T synonymous sCAD not tested 20 2631C¡A synonymous sCAD not tested 22 2835C¡T synonymous sCAD not tested 22 2836C¡A L946I PXE - 23 3190C¡T R1064W sCAD + 24 3389C¡T T1130M PXE - 27 3803G¡A R1268Q sCAD + tation is common in European patients, whereas a large deletion of exons 23-26 is repeatedly found in patients from the United States [22].
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 12928920:45:488
status: NEW[hide] New ABCC6 gene mutations in German pseudoxanthoma ... J Mol Med (Berl). 2005 Feb;83(2):140-7. Epub 2004 Nov 10. Hendig D, Schulz V, Eichgrun J, Szliska C, Gotting C, Kleesiek K
New ABCC6 gene mutations in German pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2005 Feb;83(2):140-7. Epub 2004 Nov 10., [PMID:15723264]
Abstract [show]
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE; OMIM 177850 and 264800) is a rare heritable disorder of the connective tissue affecting the extracellular matrix of the skin, eyes, gastrointestinal system, and cardiovascular system. It has recently been found that mutations in the ABCC6 gene encoding the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 6 cause PXE. This study examined novel mutations in the ABCC6 gene in our cohort of 76 German PXE patients and 54 unaffected or not yet affected relatives with a view to expanding the known mutational spectrum of the gene. Mutational analysis was performed using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. The mutational screening revealed a total of 22 different ABCC6 sequence variations. We identified seven novel and four previously described PXE-associated mutations as well as eight novel neutral ABCC6 sequence variants. The new PXE-associated mutations included five missense mutations, one single base pair deletion, and one larger out-of-frame deletion. We suspect that the novel missense mutations lead to an impaired function of MRP6. Both deletions are predicted to result in a dysfunctional MRP6 protein. The seven new ABCC6 mutations were not present in 200 alleles from healthy blood donors which served as a control cohort. Most of the PXE patients who were found to carry PXE-causing ABCC6 mutations were assumed to manifest the PXE phenotype because of a compound heterozygous genotype. However, a genotype-phenotype correlation could not be established for the detected ABCC6 mutations. In summary, our data give a further insight into the spectrum of ABCC6 mutations in PXE patients.
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94 Performing DHPLC and sequence analysis we also detected four different ABCC6 mutations (c.1995delG, p.R765Q, c.2787+1G>T, and p.L946I) which had already been categorized as PXE-causing mutations by other groups (Table 2) [9, 19, 20, 22].
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:94:128
status: NEW97 Seven healthy control individuals were heterozygous for the missense mutation p.L946I, which was novel at the time of investigation.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:97:80
status: NEW131 Morcher et al. [22] considered the missense mutation p.L946I causative for a manifestation of PXE. This observation is not in accordance with the data that we obtained from a control cohort of 100 healthy Westphalian blood donors to investigate the role of p.L946I in PXE.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:131:55
status: NEWX
ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:131:259
status: NEW132 The appearance of p.L946I in the general population sheds doubt on the view that p.L946I is a disease-causing mutation but rather a polymorphism.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:132:20
status: NEWX
ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:132:83
status: NEW133 However, we cannot rule out the possibility that p.L946I has a phenotypic effect in a compound heterozygote with a severe mutation on the other allele.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 15723264:133:51
status: NEW[hide] Molecular genetics of pseudoxanthoma elasticum: ty... Hum Mutat. 2005 Sep;26(3):235-48. Miksch S, Lumsden A, Guenther UP, Foernzler D, Christen-Zach S, Daugherty C, Ramesar RK, Lebwohl M, Hohl D, Neldner KH, Lindpaintner K, Richards RI, Struk B
Molecular genetics of pseudoxanthoma elasticum: type and frequency of mutations in ABCC6.
Hum Mutat. 2005 Sep;26(3):235-48., [PMID:16086317]
Abstract [show]
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a systemic heritable disorder that affects the elastic tissue in the skin, eye, and cardiovascular system. Mutations in the ABCC6 gene cause PXE. We performed a mutation screen in ABCC6 using haplotype analysis in conjunction with direct sequencing to achieve a mutation detection rate of 97%. This screen consisted of 170 PXE chromosomes in 81 families, and detected 59 distinct mutations (32 missense, eight nonsense, and six likely splice-site point mutations; one small insertion; and seven small and five large deletions). Forty-three of these mutations are novel variants, which increases the total number of PXE mutations to 121. While most mutations are rare, three nonsense mutations, a splice donor site mutation, and the large deletion comprising exons 23-29 (c.2996_4208del) were identified as relatively frequent PXE mutations at 26%, 5%, 3.5%, 3%, and 11%, respectively. Chromosomal haplotyping with two proximal and two distal polymorphic markers flanking ABCC6 demonstrated that most chromosomes that carry these relatively frequent PXE mutations have related haplotypes specific for these mutations, which suggests that these chromosomes originate from single founder mutations. The types of mutations found support loss-of-function as the molecular mechanism for the PXE phenotype. In 76 of the 81 families, the affected individuals were either homozygous for the same mutation or compound heterozygous for two mutations. In the remaining five families with one uncovered mutation, affected showed allelic compound heterozygosity for the cosegregating PXE haplotype. This demonstrates pseudo-dominance as the relevant inheritance mechanism, since disease transmission to the next generation always requires one mutant allelic variant from each parent. In contrast to other previous clinical and molecular claims, our results show evidence only for recessive PXE. This has profound consequences for the genetic counseling of families with PXE.
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No. Sentence Comment
209 Type and Frequency of Polymorphisms in ABCC6 Identi'ed in170 Chromosomes of 81 PXE Familiesà Exon/ Intron Nucleotide substitution Amino acid change Location Frequency (] of families) Referencea E 03 c.232G4A p.A78T ABCC6-C2 81 This study, (C,H) IVS 03 c.345112T4C Intron duplication 81 This study IVS 03 c.345126C4T Intron 1 This study IVS 03 c.346À6G4A Intron 10 This study, (C) E 04 c.373G4A p.E125K ABCC6-C1 81 This study, (C) E 04 c.473C4T p.A158V ABCC6-C2 81 This study, (C) IVS 04 c.474113 G4A Intron duplication 2 This study IVS 04 c.474143C4T Intron duplication 80 This study, (C) IVS 04 c.475À76A4C Intron duplication 81 This study IVS 04 c.475À45C4T Intron 3 This study IVS 04 c.475À22T4C Intron duplication 80 This study, (C) E 05 c.549G4A L183L ABCC6 2 This study, (E) IVS 05 c.600123C4T Intron 1 This study E 06 c.645G4A T215T ABCC6 8 This study, (C) IVS 06 c.662112C4T Intron 1 This study, (C) E 07 c.793A4G R265G ABCC6-C1 81 This study, (C,H) IVS 07 c.794136A4C Intron duplication 81 This study, (C) E 08 c.841A4G K281E ABCC6-Cx 81 This study, (H) E 08 c.855C4T T285T ABCC6-C1 81 This study, (C) E 08 c.955A4G I319V ABCC6-Cx 81 This study, (H) E 09 c.1077A4G S359S ABCC6, ABCC6-C1 1 This study, (C,H) E 09 c.1132C4T Q378X ABCC6-C1 81 This study, (C,H) E 09 c.1141T4C L381L ABCC6, ABCC6-C1 81 This study, (C,H) IVS 09 c.117616C4T No SSM Intron 1 This study E 10 c.1233T4C N411N ABCC6 1 This study, (B,L) E 10 c.1245G4A V415V ABCC6 Frequent This study, (B,L) IVS 10 c.133817C4G Intron Frequent This study IVS 10 c.1338120C4G Intron Frequent This study IVS 10 c.1338162G4C Intron Frequent This study IVS 11 c.1432À41A4G Intron Frequent This study, (E) E 12 c.1540G4A V514I ABCC6 1 This study IVS 12 c.1635147C4T Intron Frequent This study E 14 c.1841T4C V614A ABCC6 Frequent This study, (B,E) IVS 14 c.1868À57G4A Intron 3 This study E 15 c.1890C4G T630T ABCC6 Frequent This study, (B,L) E 15 c.1896C4A H632Q ABCC6 Frequent This study, (C,G) E 17 c.2171G4A R724K ABCC6 2 This study E 17 c.2175A4T V725V ABCC6 2 This study E 17 c.2224A4G I742V ABCC6 2 This study E 19 c.2490C4T A830A ABCC6 Frequent This study, (E) E 22 c.2820T4G R940R ABCC6 1 This study E 22 c.2835C4T P945P ABCC6 8 This study, (J) E 22 c.2836C4A L946I ABCC6 3 This study E 22 c.2904G4A L968L ABCC6 1 This study, (J) E 23 c.3190C4T R1064W ABCC6 2 This study IVS 24 c.3507À16T4C No SSM Intron 4 This study IVS 24 c.3507À3C4T No SSM Intron 3 This study E 27 c.3803G4A R1268Q ABCC6 Frequent This study, (C,M) IVS 27 c.3883À24G4A Intron 1 This study IVS 28 c.4041149C4T Intron Frequent This study, (E) IVS 28 c.4042À30C4T Intron Frequent This study IVS 29 c.420819G4A Intron 2 This study E 30 c.4305C4T G1435G ABCC6 1 This study IVS 30 c.4405À31G4A Intron Frequent This study 30 UTR c.4512117G4A UTR 5 This study, (E) 30 UTR c.4512138G4A UTR 1 This study ÃDNA mutation numbering is based on the ABCC6 cDNA sequence (GenBank accession no. AF076622.1) and 11 corresponds to the A of the ATG translation initiation codon of the reference sequence.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 16086317:209:2260
status: NEW199 Coding sequence SNPs were considered as neutral (non-disease-causing) when they resulted in a synonymous amino acid substitution or a nonsynonymous substitution that did not cosegregate with the disease haplotype and phenotype (p.V614A, p.R724K, p.I742V, p.L946I, p.R1064W, and p.R1268Q) or did cosegregate with other PXE mutations in linkage disequilibrium in individual families (p.V514I, p.H632Q, and p.R1268Q).
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 16086317:199:257
status: NEW[hide] Spectrum of genetic variation at the ABCC6 locus i... J Dermatol Sci. 2009 Jun;54(3):198-204. Epub 2009 Mar 31. Ramsay M, Greenberg T, Lombard Z, Labrum R, Lubbe S, Aron S, Marais AS, Terry S, Bercovitch L, Viljoen D
Spectrum of genetic variation at the ABCC6 locus in South Africans: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients and healthy individuals.
J Dermatol Sci. 2009 Jun;54(3):198-204. Epub 2009 Mar 31., [PMID:19339160]
Abstract [show]
BACKGROUND: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with ectopic mineralization in the skin, eyes and cardiovascular system. PXE is caused by mutations in ABCC6. OBJECTIVE: To examine 54 unrelated South African PXE patients for ABCC6 PXE causing mutations. METHODS: Patients were screened for mutations in ABCC6 using two strategies. The first involved a comprehensive screening of all the ABCC6 exons and flanking regions by dHPLC or sequencing whereas the second involved screening patients only for the common PXE mutations. The ABCC6 gene was screened in ten white and ten black healthy unrelated South Africans in order to examine the level of common non-PXE associated variation. RESULTS: The Afrikaner founder mutation, R1339C, was present in 0.41 of white ABCC6 PXE alleles, confirming the founder effect and its presence in both Afrikaans- (34/63 PXE alleles) and English-speakers (4/28). Eleven mutations were detected in the white patients (of European origin), including two nonsense mutations, 6 missense mutations, two frameshift mutations and a large deletion mutation. The five "Coloured" patients (of mixed Khoisan, Malay, European and African origin) included three compound heterozygotes with R1339C as one of the mutations. The three black patients (sub-Saharan African origin) were all apparent homozygotes for the R1314W mutation. Blacks showed a trend towards a higher degree of neurtral variation (18 variants) when compared to whites (12 variants). CONCLUSION: Delineation of the ABCC6 mutation profile in South African PXE patients will be used as a guide for molecular genetic testing in a clinical setting and for genetic counselling.
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No. Sentence Comment
100 Three rare missense variants, A78T, L726P and L946I, were each identified once and were characterised.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19339160:100:46
status: NEW105 Two of these, L726P and L946I, were present in a single white bilingual South African patient (PXE2), the father was a carrier of L726P and the mother of L946I, confirming that they were inherited as independent alleles.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19339160:105:24
status: NEWX
ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19339160:105:154
status: NEW111 L946I is a conservative amino acid change from leucine (L) to isoleucine (I) (both amino acids are non-polar, neutral and hydrophobic) in the transmembrane domain (TMD) of ABCC6.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19339160:111:0
status: NEW149 998+13C>T - Intron - 1 - This study E 10 c.1233T>C N411N CL3 1 2 1 [32,35] rs9930886 E 10 c.1245G>A V415V CL4 - 2 - [32,35] rs9940825 E 10 c.1249G>A V417M CL4 5 - - This study IVS 10 c.1338+7C>G - Intron - 5 - [32] rs9940089 E 11 c.1344G>A L448L EL5 - 2 - This study IVS 11 c.1432-41A>C - Intron 3 1 2 [7,32] rs2239322 IVS 11 c.1432-45C>T - Intron - - 2 [11] No rs number IVS 11 c.1432-48G>A - Intron 7 - 8 dbSNP rs7193932 E 12 c.1494G>A K499K CL4 - - 1 This study IVS 12 c.1635+48C>T** - Intron 7 - - [32] ENSSNP11084760 E 14 c.1841T>C V614A CL5 15 2 3 [7,32,35] rs12931472 E 15 c.1890C>G T630T CL5 6 3 1 [32,35] rs8058696 E 16 c.1896C>A H632Q CL5 - 3 1 [31,32,36] rs8058694 E 17 c.2171G>A*** R724L NBF1 - 1 - [32] No rs number E 17 c.2175A>T V725V NBF1 - 2 - [32] No rs number E 17 c.2224A>G I742V NBF1 - 1 - [32] No rs number E 18 c.2400A>G G800G NBF1 1 2 - dbSNP rs7500834 E 19 c.2490C>T A830A CL6 3 - - [7,32] rs9924755 E 19 c.2542A>G M848V CL6 1 3 - dbSNP rs6416668 E 22 c.2835C>T P945P TS12 1 2 1 [32,37] rs2856585 E 22 c.2836C>A L946I TS12 1 - - This studya IVS 24 c.3507-16T>C - Intron 3 2 - [11,32] rs3213471 a L946I was previously identified as a pathogenic mutation by Morcher et al. [38], in this study bioinformatic analysis of the variant did not support a functional effect of the variant on the protein.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19339160:149:1037
status: NEWX
ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19339160:149:1121
status: NEW[hide] Development of a rapid, reliable genetic test for ... J Mol Diagn. 2007 Feb;9(1):105-12. Shi Y, Terry SF, Terry PF, Bercovitch LG, Gerard GF
Development of a rapid, reliable genetic test for pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
J Mol Diagn. 2007 Feb;9(1):105-12., [PMID:17251343]
Abstract [show]
Mutations in the human ABCC6 gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a hereditary disorder that impacts the skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system. Currently, the diagnosis of PXE is based on physical findings and histological examination of a biopsy of affected skin. We have combined two simple, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods to develop a rapid, reliable genetic assay for the majority of known PXE mutations. After PCR amplification and heteroduplex formation, mutations in exon 24 and exon 28 of the ABCC6 gene were detected with Surveyor nuclease, which cleaves double-stranded DNA at any mismatch site. Mutations originating from deletion of a segment of the ABCC6 gene between exon 23 and exon 29 (ex23_ex29del) were detected by long-range PCR. Size analysis of digestion fragments and long-range PCR products was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The methods accurately identified mutations or the absence thereof in 16 affected individuals as confirmed by DNA sequencing. Fifteen patients had one or two point mutations, and two of these individuals carried the ex23_ex29del in their second allele. This mutation detection and mapping strategy provides a simple and reliable genetic assay to assist in diagnosis of PXE, differential diagnosis of PXE-like conditions, and study of PXE genetics.
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No. Sentence Comment
105 The one patient DNA, patient 10, that lacked mutations in the regions tested was found to have the mutation c.2836CϾA (p.L946I) in exon 22 by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing (data not shown).
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 17251343:105:127
status: NEW[hide] Added value of infrared, red-free and autofluoresc... Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Apr;94(4):479-86. Epub 2009 Sep 1. De Zaeytijd J, Vanakker OM, Coucke PJ, De Paepe A, De Laey JJ, Leroy BP
Added value of infrared, red-free and autofluorescence fundus imaging in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Apr;94(4):479-86. Epub 2009 Sep 1., [PMID:19726431]
Abstract [show]
PURPOSE: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene and primarily affects the oculocutaneous and cardiovascular systems. However, the phenotype, including the ophthalmological manifestations, varies in severity. The present study aims to evaluate the added value of novel funduscopic imaging techniques, such as near-infrared reflectance, red-free and autofluorescence imaging in PXE. METHODS: In 22 molecularly proven PXE patients and 25 obligate carriers, PXE retinopathy was evaluated using funduscopy, white light, red-free, infrared and autofluorescence imaging. RESULTS: At least one characteristic of PXE retinopathy was evident on funduscopy of all eyes. Angioid streaks could be subdivided in those with (brick red) or without (feathered) adjacent RPE alterations. Infrared imaging showed the brick-red-coloured streaks as well-demarcated dark fissures, even when these passed unnoticed on funduscopy. Feathered types were detected as triangular areas of hypoautofluorescence. The peau d'orange was much more visible and much more widespread on infrared imaging, with extension from the posterior pole towards the whole midperiphery. Comets and comet tails were best seen with red-free imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared, red-free and autofluorescence imaging are more sensitive than white light funduscopy and imaging in visualising early retinal signs of PXE. In addition, this specialised imaging allows a better appreciation of the extent of lesions. Hence, such imaging increases the chances of making a correct diagnosis early, and aids in the accurate evaluation of evolution of disease in the ophthalmic follow-up of PXE patients.
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No. Sentence Comment
78 In 55% of fundi (24/44), the Table 1 Ophthalmological characteristics of patients Case Age, sex Eye BCVA AS Pd`O C(T) ODD NV PDT Anti-VEGF ABCC6 mutations 1 61, F OD 2/10 + + + À + + À p.R1459C/e OS 9/10 + + + À + + À 2 43, F OD 12/10 + + + À À À À p.R1141X/p.R1141X OS 12/10 + + + À À À À 3 35, M OD 11/10 + + + À À À À p.E125K/p.L1025P OS 1/300 + + + À + + + 4 21, M OD 10/10 + + + À À À À p.R1141X/p.R1141X OS 10/10 + + + + À À À 5 11, M OD 10/10 À + + À À À À c.3506+2T/C/e 3506+2T/COS 10/10 À + + À À À À 6 55, F OD 1/20 + + + À + À À p.R1141X/p.R1141X OS 1.5/10 + + + À + À À 7 40, M OD 4/10 + + + À + + À p.R265G/p.R1141X OS 1/10 + + + À + + À 8 22, F OD 10/10 + + + À À À À p.R1141X/p.R1141X OS 10/10 + + + À À À À 9 29, F OD 10/10 + + + À À À À p.G1263R/c.4182delGG OS 10/10 + + + À À À À 10 20, M OD 10/10 + + + + À À À c.3507-3C/A/p.T944I OS 10/10 + + + + À À À 11 37, F OD 10/10 + + + + À À À p.Q154R/e OS 9/10 + + + + À À À 12 66, F OD 1/20 + À À À + À À p.R1141X/p.R1141X OS 1/10 + À À À + À À 13 68, F OD 10/10 + À À À À À À p.R760Q/p.R1141X OS 10/10 + À À À À À À 14 68, M OD 2/10 + À + À + À À p.A1303P/p.L946I OS CF + À + À + À À 15 58, F OD 7/10 + + + À + À + p.R1141X/c.4103delC OS CF + + + À + + À 16 62,M OD 1/20 + + + À + À + p.R1141X/p.Q1237X OS CF + + + À + À À 17 47, F OD 10/10 + À À À À À À c.3506+2T/C/e OS 10/10 + À À À À À À 18 54, F OD 10/10 + + + À + À + p.R1141X/p.A1303P OS 10/10 + + + À À À À 19 30, F OD 10/10 + + + À À À À p.S398R/c.3364delT OS 10/10 + + + À À À À 20 39, F OD 12/10 + + + À À À À p.R1141X/e OS 10/10 + + + À À À À 21 30, F OD 10/10 + + + À À À À p.G666R/c.1868-5T/G OS 10/10 + + + + À À À 22 34, M OD 12/10 + + + À À À À c.3364delT/p.R518X OS 12/10 + + + À À À À anti-VEGF, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies; AS, angioid streaks; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity (Snellen); CF, counting fingers; C(T), Comet (tails); F, female; M, male; MD, macular degeneration; NV, neovascularisation; ODD, optic disc drusen; Pd`O, Peau d`Orange; PDT, photodynamic therapy.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 19726431:78:1612
status: NEW[hide] Molecular docking simulations provide insights in ... PLoS One. 2014 Jul 25;9(7):e102779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102779. eCollection 2014. Hosen MJ, Zubaer A, Thapa S, Khadka B, De Paepe A, Vanakker OM
Molecular docking simulations provide insights in the substrate binding sites and possible substrates of the ABCC6 transporter.
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 25;9(7):e102779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102779. eCollection 2014., [PMID:25062064]
Abstract [show]
The human ATP-binding cassette family C member 6 (ABCC6) gene encodes an ABC transporter protein (ABCC6), primarily expressed in liver and kidney. Mutations in the ABCC6 gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by ectopic mineralization of the elastic fibers. The pathophysiology underlying PXE is incompletely understood, which can at least partly be explained by the undetermined nature of the ABCC6 substrates as well as the unknown substrate recognition and binding sites. Several compounds, including anionic glutathione conjugates (N-ethylmaleimide; NEM-GS) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were shown to be modestly transported in vitro; conversely, vitamin K3 (VK3) was demonstrated not to be transported by ABCC6. To predict the possible substrate binding pockets of the ABCC6 transporter, we generated a 3D homology model of ABCC6 in both open and closed conformation, qualified for molecular docking and virtual screening approaches. By docking 10 reported in vitro substrates in our ABCC6 3D homology models, we were able to predict the substrate binding residues of ABCC6. Further, virtual screening of 4651 metabolites from the Human Serum Metabolome Database against our open conformation model disclosed possible substrates for ABCC6, which are mostly lipid and biliary secretion compounds, some of which are found to be involved in mineralization. Docking of these possible substrates in the closed conformation model also showed high affinity. Virtual screening expands this possibility to explore more compounds that can interact with ABCC6, and may aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to PXE.
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No. Sentence Comment
226 (Phe568Ser) L946 2836C.A L946I Missense 22 p.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 25062064:226:25
status: NEW227 (Leu946Ile) L953 2868T.A L953H Missense 22 p.
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ABCC6 p.Leu946Ile 25062064:227:1
status: NEW