ABCMdb

ABCC1 p.Lys332Arg

Predicted by SNAP2:	A: D (63%), C: D (59%), D: D (80%), E: D (75%), F: D (80%), G: D (71%), H: D (53%), I: D (63%), L: N (53%), M: D (53%), N: D (71%), P: D (85%), Q: D (59%), R: N (61%), S: D (59%), T: D (63%), V: D (71%), W: D (85%), Y: D (80%),
Predicted by PROVEAN:	A: D, C: D, D: D, E: D, F: D, G: D, H: D, I: D, L: D, M: D, N: D, P: D, Q: D, R: N, S: D, T: D, V: D, W: D, Y: D,

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[hide] Mutations of charged amino acids in or near the tr... Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;65(6):1375-85. Haimeur A, Conseil G, Deeley RG, Cole SP
Mutations of charged amino acids in or near the transmembrane helices of the second membrane spanning domain differentially affect the substrate specificity and transport activity of the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 (ABCC1).
Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;65(6):1375-85., [PMID:15155831]

Abstract [show]
Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) belongs to the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transport proteins. In addition to drugs, MRP1 mediates the active transport of many conjugated and unconjugated organic anions. MRP1 consists of two membrane-spanning domains (MSD2 and MSD3) each followed by a nucleotide binding domain plus a third NH2-terminal MSD1. MSD2 contains transmembrane (TM) helices 6 through 11, and previously, we identified two charged residues in TM6 as having important but markedly different roles in MRP1 transport activity and substrate specificity by characterizing mutants containing nonconservative substitutions of Lys332 and Asp336. We have now extended these studies and found that the same-charge TM6 mutant K332R, like the nonconservatively substituted Lys332 mutants, exhibits a selective decrease in leukotriene C4 (LTC4) transport, associated with substantial changes in both Km and Vmax and LTC4 binding. The overall organic anion transport activity of the same-charge mutant of Asp336 (D336E) also remained very low, as observed for D336R. In addition, nonconservative substitutions of TM6-associated Lys319 and Lys347 resulted in a selective decrease in GSH transport. Of eight other charged residues in or proximal to TM7 to TM11 that were investigated, nonconservative substitutions of three of them [Lys396 (TM7), Asp436 (TM8), and Arg593 (TM11)] caused a substantial and global reduction in transport activity. However, unlike TM6 Asp336, wild-type transport activity could be reestablished in these MRP1 mutants by conservative substitutions. We conclude that MSD2-charged residues in or proximal to TM6, TM7, TM8, and TM11 play critical but differential roles in MRP1 transport activity and substrate specificity.

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4 We have now extended these studies and found that the same-charge TM6 mutant K332R, like the nonconservatively substituted Lys332 mutants, exhibits a selective decrease in leukotriene C4 (LTC4) transport, associated with substantial changes in both Km and Vmax and LTC4 binding. Login to comment
48 The sequences of the individual sense strands (with the corresponding amino acid changes indicated in parentheses, the altered codons underlined, and silent mutations introducing new restriction sites italicized) were as follows: K(D)332K, 5Ј-G AGC TTC TTC TTC AAG GCC ATC CAC GAC CTG-3Ј; K332R, 5Ј-G AGC TTC TTC TTC AGG GCC ATC CAC GAC CTG-3Ј; D(K)336E, 5Ј-C AAG GCC ATC CAC GAG CTC ATG ATG TTT TCC-3Ј; D336K, 5Ј-C AAG GCC ATC CAC AAG CTT ATG ATG TTT TCC-3Ј; K332D/D336K, 5Ј-GC TTC TTC TTC GAC GCC ATC CAC AAA CTG ATG ATG-3Ј; K319D, 5Ј-G TTT AAG GTG TTA TAC GAC ACG TTT GGG CCC-3Ј; K347D, 5Ј-GGG CCG CAG ATA TTA GAC TTG CTC ATC AAG-3Ј; K347L, 5Ј-GGG CCG CAA ATC TTA CTT TTG CTC ATC AAG-3Ј; D360K, 5Ј-GAC ACG AAG GCG CCA AAG TGG CAG GGC TAC-3Ј; R394D, 5Ј-C GTC AGT GGC ATG GAG ATC AAG ACC GCT GTC-3Ј; R394I, 5Ј-C GTC AGT GGC ATG ATC ATC AAG ACC GCT GTC-3Ј; K396E, 5Ј-GT GGC ATG AGG ATC GAG ACC GCT GTC ATT GGG-3Ј; K396I, 5Ј-GT GGC ATG AGG ATC ATC ACC GCT GTC ATT GGG-3Ј; K(E)396R, 5Ј-GGC ATG AGG ATC AGG ACC GCT GTC ATT GGG GC-3Ј; D430K, 5Ј-C AAC CTC ATG TCT GTG AAG GCT CAG AGG Fig. 1. Login to comment
103 To test whether the charge and/or steric properties (side-chain volume) of Lys332 were important for the substrate selective loss of transport activity, Lys332 was also replaced with Arg to create the same-charge mutant K332R. Login to comment
104 Unlike the K332D mutant, the conservatively substituted K332R had a significant level of LTC4 transport activity (approximately 40% of wild-type MRP1 levels). Login to comment
106 Analysis of kinetic parameters showed that the decrease in LTC4 transport by the same-charge K332R mutant was largely caused by a decrease in its apparent uptake affinity for LTC4 (Km ϭ 552 nM versus 115 nM for wild-type MRP1), leading to an overall 6-fold decrease in LTC4 transport efficiency (Vmax/Km ϭ 0.2 versus 1.2 for wild-type MRP1) (Table 1). Login to comment
113 A, time course of [3 H]LTC4 uptake by wild-type MRP1 (f), mutants K332D (), K(D)332K (F), K332R (Œ), and empty pcDNA3.1(-) vector control (E). Login to comment
114 B, [3 H]GSH uptake at 20 min by wild-type MRP1 (f) and mutants K332R, K332D, and K(D)332K (u), and empty pcDNA3.1(-) vector control (Ⅺ). Login to comment
115 C, [3 H]E217betaG uptake at 1 min by wild-type (WT) MRP1 (f) and mutants K332D () and K332R (Œ) was measured in the presence of three different concentrations (300, 600, and 900 nM) of LTC4. Login to comment
118 charge K332R mutant that retained some LTC4 transport activity could still be inhibited by this conjugated leukotriene, the effect of LTC4 on [3 H]E217betaG uptake by K332R was determined. Login to comment
119 The dose-response curves shown in Fig. 3C indicate that LTC4 had a greater inhibitory effect on E217betaG uptake by the K332R mutant than by the K332D mutant, but this effect was significantly less (50-70%) than the effect of LTC4 on E217betaG uptake by wild-type MRP1. Login to comment
121 The same-charge mutant K332R, like the K332D and K332L mutants described previously (Haimeur et al., 2002), exhibited transport levels of the conjugated estrogens E217betaG and E13SO4 and the antifolate MTX that were comparable with wild-type MRP1 (Table 2); however, GSH transport by K332R was very low compared with wild-type MRP1 and similar to that which we reported previously for the K332D/L mutants (Fig. 3B). Login to comment
126 In contrast to the like-charge K332R mutant in which LTC4 transport activity was partially restored, the like-charge D(K)336E mutant remained essentially inactive. Login to comment
145 These data indicate that neither Asp360 nor Arg394 plays an important role in the transport mechanism TABLE 1 Kinetic parameters of LTC4 uptake by MRP1 MSD2 mutants containing substitutions of Lys332 , Lys396 , Asp436 , and Arg593 Transfectants Km Vmax Vmax/Km nM pmol/mg/min ϫ 103 Wild-type MRP1 115 135 1.2 K332R 552 137 0.2 K396E 448 62 0.1 K(E)396R 113 121 1.1 D436K 196 41 0.2 D(K)436E 126 150 1.2 R593E 464 56 0.1 R(E)593K 123 139 1.1 TABLE 2 Summary of organic anion transport activity of MRP1 mutants with substitutions of charged amino acids in and proximal to the TM helices (TM6-11) of MSD2 The values shown are means of triplicate determinations and are derived from this study (Figs. Login to comment
148 MRP1 Mutant % Wild-Type MRP1 Transport Activity LTC4 GSH E217betaG E13SO4 MTX TM6 K332D Ͻ10 Ͻ10 100 100 100 K332R 40 20 100 100 100 D336K Ͻ10 Ͻ10 Ͻ10 15 45 D(K)336E 20 Ͻ10 25 25 45 K332D/D336K Ͻ10 Ͻ10 30 25 50 K319D 100 50 100 100 100 K347D 100 45 100 100 100 TM7 D360K 100 100 100 100 100 R394D 100 100 100 100 100 K396E 25 50 25 25 35 K(E)396R 100 100 100 100 100 TM8 D436K 40 30 20 30 55 D(K)436E 100 100 100 100 100 ECL5/TM11 D572R 100 100 100 100 100 E573R 100 100 100 100 100 D578R 100 100 100 100 100 R593E 35 30 Ͻ10 Ͻ10 40 R(E)593K 100 100 100 100 100 or substrate specificity of MRP1. Login to comment
204 The critical importance of TM6 Lys332 as a highly substrate-selective determinant of MRP1 LTC4 and GSH transport activities was first confirmed by demonstrating that, despite maintaining a positive charge at position 332, transport of LTC4 and GSH by the K332R mutant remained significantly lower than wild-type MRP1. Login to comment
205 The reduced LTC4 transport activity of K332R was associated with a substantial reduction (5-fold) in the apparent LTC4 uptake affinity (Km), whereas Vmax was unchanged. Login to comment

[hide] A molecular understanding of ATP-dependent solute ... Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Mar;26(1):15-37. Chang XB
A molecular understanding of ATP-dependent solute transport by multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP1.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Mar;26(1):15-37., [PMID:17295059]

Abstract [show]
Over a million new cases of cancers are diagnosed each year in the United States and over half of these patients die from these devastating diseases. Thus, cancers cause a major public health problem in the United States and worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the principal mode to treat many metastatic cancers. However, occurrence of cellular multidrug resistance (MDR) prevents efficient killing of cancer cells, leading to chemotherapeutic treatment failure. Numerous mechanisms of MDR exist in cancer cells, such as intrinsic or acquired MDR. Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp or ABCB1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP or ABCG2) and/or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1 or ABCC1), confers an acquired MDR due to their capabilities of transporting a broad range of chemically diverse anticancer drugs. In addition to their roles in MDR, there is substantial evidence suggesting that these drug transporters have functions in tissue defense. Basically, these drug transporters are expressed in tissues important for absorption, such as in lung and gut, and for metabolism and elimination, such as in liver and kidney. In addition, these drug transporters play an important role in maintaining the barrier function of many tissues including blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebral spinal fluid barrier, blood-testis barrier and the maternal-fetal barrier. Thus, these ATP-dependent drug transporters play an important role in the absorption, disposition and elimination of the structurally diverse array of the endobiotics and xenobiotics. In this review, the molecular mechanism of ATP-dependent solute transport by MRP1 will be addressed.

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No. Sentence Comment
154 Mutations in TM6, such as K332D or K332R, significantly reduced ATP-dependent LTC4 or GSH transport, but did not have any effect on ATP-dependent E217βG or E13SO4 transport [94]. Login to comment

[hide] Structural determinants of substrate specificity d... Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Dec;36(12):2571-81. Epub 2008 Sep 5. Grant CE, Gao M, DeGorter MK, Cole SP, Deeley RG
Structural determinants of substrate specificity differences between human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 (ABCC1) and MRP3 (ABCC3).
Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Dec;36(12):2571-81. Epub 2008 Sep 5., [PMID:18775981]

Abstract [show]
Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) are members of the "C" branch of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily. Human MRP1 transports a wide range of natural product drugs and structurally diverse conjugated and unconjugated organic anions. Its closest relative is MRP3. Despite their structural similarity, the homologs differ substantially in their substrate specificity. It is noteworthy that MRP1 transports glutathione (GSH) and GSH conjugates and displays GSH-stimulated transport of a number of unconjugated and conjugated compounds. In contrast, MRP3 does not transport GSH and is a poor transporter of GSH conjugates. However, both proteins transport glucuronide conjugates, such as 17beta-estradiol 17-(beta-D-glucuronide). We have constructed a series of MRP1/MRP3 hybrids and used them to identify a region of MRP1 that is critical for binding and transport of GSH conjugates such as leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)). Substitution of this region encompassing transmembrane helices 8 and 9 and portions of cytoplasmic loops 4 and 5 of MRP1 with the equivalent region of MRP3 eliminated LTC(4) transport. Transport of other substrates was either unaffected or enhanced. We identified three residues in this region: Tyr(440), Ile(441), and Met(443), mutation of which differentially affected transport. It is noteworthy that substitution of Tyr(440) with Phe, as found in MRP3, reduced LTC(4) and GSH-stimulated estrone-3-sulfate transport without affecting transport of other substrates tested. The mutation increased the K(m) for LTC(4) 5-fold and substantially reduced photolabeling of MRP1 by both [3H]LTC(4) and the GSH derivative, azidophenacyl-[35S]GSH. These results suggest that Tyr(440) makes a major contribution to recognition of GSH and the GSH moiety of conjugates such as LTC(4).

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No. Sentence Comment
303 Most significantly, the conservative substitution of Lys332 by Arg increased the Km for LTC4 ϳ5-fold without affecting the Vmax, as is the case with the Y440F mutation. Login to comment